Exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Andrology
A
Study of reproduction function in the male
2
Q
Gynecology
A
Study of reproductive issues with women.
3
Q
Theriogenology
A
Branch of veterinary medicine that studies reproductive system in animals
4
Q
Obstetrics
A
branch of reproductive physiology, vet medicine and/or human medicine that specializes in the female before, during, and after parturition
5
Q
Endocrinology
A
Study of hormones and their secretions
6
Q
Embryology
A
study of origin, growth formation of embryo
7
Q
Aristotle
A
Fetus comes from menstrual blood
8
Q
Fallopius
A
discovered and described the oviduct ( Fallopian Tube in humans )
9
Q
Coiter
A
Identified the corpus luteum
10
Q
de Graaf
A
Antral (Graafian) Follicle = preovulatory follicle
11
Q
van Leewenhoek
A
Discovered and described spermatozoa (animalcules) in sperm
12
Q
Spallanzani
A
First A.I. in a dog (Father of AI)
13
Q
Duma
A
Demonstrated that spermatozoa were the fertilizing agents.
14
Q
What is the plural for corpus luteum?
A
Corpora Lutea
15
Q
What other name is the Graffian Follicle known as?
A
Preovulatory Follicle or Antral Follicle
16
Q
True or False: The antral follicle has fluid in the follicle
A
True
17
Q
All follicles are not antral; ___________ follicles are antral
A
preovulatory
18
Q
Where do you deposit sperm during A.I.?
A
Uterine Body
19
Q
What holds the reproductive organs for the female in the body?
A
Broad Ligament
20
Q
What keeps urine from backing up in the reproductive tract?
A
Vulvo-vaginal muscle
21
Q
What does the mesometrium do?
A
Supports the uterine horn.
22
Q
What is the function of the Mesosalpinx?
A
Supports the oviduct
23
Q
What does the mesovaruim do?
A
Supports the ovary
24
Q
How can you tell a cow is ovulating?
A
By feeling to see if there is a corpus luteum on the ovary
25
The female reproductive tract is made up of _________
connected tubes
26
Where are the two places you can find ciliated cells?
Ampulla and Cervix
27
Where can you find squamous cells?
vagina
28
What are the three types of cells called in the repro tract?
Ciliated, columnar, squamous
29
What are the three reasons for the female tract to contract?
1. Move Gametes
2. Move Embryo
3. Expulsion of Fetus
30
What is the outer layer of the female reproductive tract called?
Serosa
31
Describe the Serosa
Single-cell layer of squamous (flattened) cells
32
Describe the Muscularis.
A double layer of smooth muscle consisting of an outer longitudinal layer and an inner circular layer.
33
What is the purpose of the Muscularis?
To provide tubular components with the ability to contract.
34
Describe the Submucosa.
Submucosa is a layer of varying thickness depending on the specific region of the layer.
35
What is the purpose of the Submucosa
Houses the blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics; Serves as a supporting layer to the mucosal
36
What is the reproductive tract surrounded by?
The peritoneum
37
What is the broad ligament?
Broad ligament is the suspensory tissue that supports and suspends the ovaries, oviduct, uterus, cervix, and anterior vagina. Also houses blood vessels and nerves.
38
What is the Mesovarium.
The component of the broad ligament that surrounds and supports the oviducts.
39
What is the mesosalpinx?
The mesosalpinx is a component of the broad ligament that surrounds and supports the oviducts.
40
What is the mesometrium?
The mesometrium is the largest and most obvious part of the broad ligament that supports the uterine horns and the body of the uterus. (Continuous with the dorsal peritoneum.)
41
What hormones do the ovaries produce?
Estrogen and Progesterone
42
T or F All species have paired ovaries.
False. Avian species only have 1.
43
What do ovaries produce?
Ovaries produce female gametes and the hormones progesterone and estrogen.
44
What does the corpus luteum produce?
Oxytocin, relaxin, inhibin, activin, and PROGESTERONE.
45
What type of cells are on the outer layer of the ovary?
Germinal epithelium, single layer cuboidal cell.
46
What is the outer connective tissue that makes up the ovaries dense outside?
Tunica albuginea
47
What does the ovarian cortex house?
The functional corpus luteum and the corpus albacans as well as many follicles.
48
What is the ovarian medulla?
Central part of the ovary that houses the vasculature , nerves, and lymphatics.
49
What happens to the corpus luteum when it stops producing progesterone?
It turns into a corpus albacans.
50
In what species is the cortex and medulla switched? What do they have that other species don't?
The mare who has an ovulation fossa.
51
What is folliculogenesis?
The process where by immature follicles develop into more advanced follicles.
52
What are the four types of follicles?
Primordial follicle, primary follicle, secondary follicle, antral follicle.
53
What distinct characteristics do primordial follicles have?
The are microscopic, most immature (smallest), oocyte surrounded by a single layer of squamous epithelial cells.
54
What is the major distinctive characteristic of a primary follicle.
Oocyte is surrounded by a single layer of cuboidal epithelium cells.
55
What is the main difference between a secondary follicle and antral follicle?
A fluid filled cavity ie the atrium.
56
What is the main difference between a primary follicle and secondary follicle?
Secondary follicles have two or more layers of cuboidal cells.
57
What are the 3 layers of an antral follicle?
The a externa, theca interna and granulosal cell layer.
58
What part of the antral follicle is composed of loose connective tissue that completely surrounds and supports the follicle?
Theca externa
59
What part is the antral follicle is responsible for the production of androgens (testosterone) under the influence of LH( lutenizing hormone)
Thecta interna
60
Where do LH and FSH come from?
The pituitary gland.
61
Define hormone.
A substance produced by one or more 1) glands that is 2) transported by the blood to 3) exert a specific effect upon another organ
62
What does the granulosal cell layer of an antral follicle help with.
Helps oocyte mature.
63
What do granulosal cells produce and have?
Produce estrogen (by converting testosterone ) inhibin and follicular fluid. Also has FSH ( follicle stimulating hormone) receptors.
64
What is a corpus hemorrhagicum?
Small protrusion of tissue coupled the rupture of blood vessels. Happens after ovulation.
65
Where is the infundibulum and and what is its purpose?
Is the terminal end of the oviduct that consists of a funnel like opening that captures the newly ovulated oocyte.
66
Where is the ampulla located?
At the end of the infundibulum till it merges with the isthmus. Occupies one half or more of the oviduct.
67
Where is the site of fertilization?
The ampulla
68
Describe the isthmus.
Smaller in diameter than the ampulla, leads directly to the uterus (connective site called uterotubal junction) secretions occur here
69
What does the uterus connect?
The oviducts to the cervix
70
What are the three different types of uterus in mammals?
Duplex uterus, bicornuate uterus, simplex uterus.
71
Describe a marsupials uterus ( duplex uterus)
Has two cervical canals that separate each uterine horn into distinct compartments.
72
Describe a bicornuate uterus.
Characterized by having two uterine horns and a small uterine body. ( mare cow poorly developed horns / bitch queen sow highly developed uterine horns)
73
Describe a primate uterus Simplex uterus.
Having a single uterine body
74
What is the serosa called in the uterus?
Perimeteium
75
What is the muscularis called in the uterus?
Myometrium
76
What is the mucosa and sub mucosa called in the uterus?
Endometrium
77
What is the primary function of the uterus?
Sperm transportation, luteolysis and control of cyclic its environment for preattachment embryo,maternal contribution to the placenta expulsion of the fetus and fetal placenta.
78
Describe the Mucosa.
Intermost layer of reproductive tract, that secrets and protect. Cell type varies with region.
79
What is the broad ligament
The broad ligament is the suspensory tissue that supports and suspends the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix and anterior vagina.
80
What is the Mesovarium?
The mesovarium is a component of the broad ligament that attaches to and supports the ovary.
81
What is the Mesosalpinx?
The Mesosalpinx is the srous part of the BL that surrounds and supports the oviducts.
82
What is the Mesometrium?
The Mesometriumis the largest and most obvious part of the BL that supports the uterine horns and the body of the uterus. Continuous with dorsal peritoneum.
83
How many ovaries do mammals have?
Two they are paired.
| Avian species only have one
84
What does the ovary produce?
Female gametes (ova) and the hormones estrogen and progesterone.
85
What types of cells are on the outer layer of the ovaries?
Germinal epithelium cells (single layer cubodial cells)
86
What is the Tunica albuginea?
The outer connective tissue that makes up the ovary (dense)
87
What species has the cortex and medulla in the ovary reversed?
Mare (has an ovulation fossa)
88
What is the ovarian cortex?
The ovarian cortex houses the functional corpus luteum and the degenerating corpora lutea known as the corprus albicans. (Functional area of the ovary.
89
What is the Ovarian medulla?
Central part of the ovary that houses the vasculature nerves and the lymphatics and is composed of relatively dense connective tissue.
90
What is folliculogenesis?
The process where by immature follicles develop into more advance follicles and become candidate for ovulation.
