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Farm Animal Repro > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Andrology

A

Study of reproduction function in the male

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2
Q

Gynecology

A

Study of reproductive issues with women.

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3
Q

Theriogenology

A

Branch of veterinary medicine that studies reproductive system in animals

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4
Q

Obstetrics

A

branch of reproductive physiology, vet medicine and/or human medicine that specializes in the female before, during, and after parturition

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5
Q

Endocrinology

A

Study of hormones and their secretions

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6
Q

Embryology

A

study of origin, growth formation of embryo

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7
Q

Aristotle

A

Fetus comes from menstrual blood

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8
Q

Fallopius

A

discovered and described the oviduct ( Fallopian Tube in humans )

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9
Q

Coiter

A

Identified the corpus luteum

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10
Q

de Graaf

A

Antral (Graafian) Follicle = preovulatory follicle

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11
Q

van Leewenhoek

A

Discovered and described spermatozoa (animalcules) in sperm

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12
Q

Spallanzani

A

First A.I. in a dog (Father of AI)

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13
Q

Duma

A

Demonstrated that spermatozoa were the fertilizing agents.

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14
Q

What is the plural for corpus luteum?

A

Corpora Lutea

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15
Q

What other name is the Graffian Follicle known as?

A

Preovulatory Follicle or Antral Follicle

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16
Q

True or False: The antral follicle has fluid in the follicle

A

True

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17
Q

All follicles are not antral; ___________ follicles are antral

A

preovulatory

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18
Q

Where do you deposit sperm during A.I.?

A

Uterine Body

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19
Q

What holds the reproductive organs for the female in the body?

A

Broad Ligament

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20
Q

What keeps urine from backing up in the reproductive tract?

A

Vulvo-vaginal muscle

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21
Q

What does the mesometrium do?

A

Supports the uterine horn.

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22
Q

What is the function of the Mesosalpinx?

A

Supports the oviduct

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23
Q

What does the mesovaruim do?

A

Supports the ovary

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24
Q

How can you tell a cow is ovulating?

A

By feeling to see if there is a corpus luteum on the ovary

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25
Q

The female reproductive tract is made up of _________

A

connected tubes

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26
Q

Where are the two places you can find ciliated cells?

A

Ampulla and Cervix

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27
Q

Where can you find squamous cells?

A

vagina

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28
Q

What are the three types of cells called in the repro tract?

A

Ciliated, columnar, squamous

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29
Q

What are the three reasons for the female tract to contract?

A
  1. Move Gametes
  2. Move Embryo
  3. Expulsion of Fetus
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30
Q

What is the outer layer of the female reproductive tract called?

A

Serosa

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31
Q

Describe the Serosa

A

Single-cell layer of squamous (flattened) cells

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32
Q

Describe the Muscularis.

A

A double layer of smooth muscle consisting of an outer longitudinal layer and an inner circular layer.

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33
Q

What is the purpose of the Muscularis?

A

To provide tubular components with the ability to contract.

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34
Q

Describe the Submucosa.

A

Submucosa is a layer of varying thickness depending on the specific region of the layer.

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35
Q

What is the purpose of the Submucosa

A

Houses the blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics; Serves as a supporting layer to the mucosal

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36
Q

What is the reproductive tract surrounded by?

A

The peritoneum

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37
Q

What is the broad ligament?

A

Broad ligament is the suspensory tissue that supports and suspends the ovaries, oviduct, uterus, cervix, and anterior vagina. Also houses blood vessels and nerves.

38
Q

What is the Mesovarium.

A

The component of the broad ligament that surrounds and supports the oviducts.

39
Q

What is the mesosalpinx?

A

The mesosalpinx is a component of the broad ligament that surrounds and supports the oviducts.

40
Q

What is the mesometrium?

A

The mesometrium is the largest and most obvious part of the broad ligament that supports the uterine horns and the body of the uterus. (Continuous with the dorsal peritoneum.)

41
Q

What hormones do the ovaries produce?

A

Estrogen and Progesterone

42
Q

T or F All species have paired ovaries.

A

False. Avian species only have 1.

43
Q

What do ovaries produce?

A

Ovaries produce female gametes and the hormones progesterone and estrogen.

44
Q

What does the corpus luteum produce?

A

Oxytocin, relaxin, inhibin, activin, and PROGESTERONE.

45
Q

What type of cells are on the outer layer of the ovary?

A

Germinal epithelium, single layer cuboidal cell.

46
Q

What is the outer connective tissue that makes up the ovaries dense outside?

A

Tunica albuginea

47
Q

What does the ovarian cortex house?

A

The functional corpus luteum and the corpus albacans as well as many follicles.

48
Q

What is the ovarian medulla?

A

Central part of the ovary that houses the vasculature , nerves, and lymphatics.

49
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum when it stops producing progesterone?

A

It turns into a corpus albacans.

50
Q

In what species is the cortex and medulla switched? What do they have that other species don’t?

A

The mare who has an ovulation fossa.

51
Q

What is folliculogenesis?

A

The process where by immature follicles develop into more advanced follicles.

52
Q

What are the four types of follicles?

A

Primordial follicle, primary follicle, secondary follicle, antral follicle.

53
Q

What distinct characteristics do primordial follicles have?

A

The are microscopic, most immature (smallest), oocyte surrounded by a single layer of squamous epithelial cells.

54
Q

What is the major distinctive characteristic of a primary follicle.

A

Oocyte is surrounded by a single layer of cuboidal epithelium cells.

55
Q

What is the main difference between a secondary follicle and antral follicle?

A

A fluid filled cavity ie the atrium.

56
Q

What is the main difference between a primary follicle and secondary follicle?

A

Secondary follicles have two or more layers of cuboidal cells.

57
Q

What are the 3 layers of an antral follicle?

A

The a externa, theca interna and granulosal cell layer.

58
Q

What part of the antral follicle is composed of loose connective tissue that completely surrounds and supports the follicle?

A

Theca externa

59
Q

What part is the antral follicle is responsible for the production of androgens (testosterone) under the influence of LH( lutenizing hormone)

A

Thecta interna

60
Q

Where do LH and FSH come from?

A

The pituitary gland.

61
Q

Define hormone.

A

A substance produced by one or more 1) glands that is 2) transported by the blood to 3) exert a specific effect upon another organ

62
Q

What does the granulosal cell layer of an antral follicle help with.

A

Helps oocyte mature.

63
Q

What do granulosal cells produce and have?

A

Produce estrogen (by converting testosterone ) inhibin and follicular fluid. Also has FSH ( follicle stimulating hormone) receptors.

64
Q

What is a corpus hemorrhagicum?

A

Small protrusion of tissue coupled the rupture of blood vessels. Happens after ovulation.

65
Q

Where is the infundibulum and and what is its purpose?

A

Is the terminal end of the oviduct that consists of a funnel like opening that captures the newly ovulated oocyte.

66
Q

Where is the ampulla located?

A

At the end of the infundibulum till it merges with the isthmus. Occupies one half or more of the oviduct.

67
Q

Where is the site of fertilization?

A

The ampulla

68
Q

Describe the isthmus.

A

Smaller in diameter than the ampulla, leads directly to the uterus (connective site called uterotubal junction) secretions occur here

69
Q

What does the uterus connect?

A

The oviducts to the cervix

70
Q

What are the three different types of uterus in mammals?

A

Duplex uterus, bicornuate uterus, simplex uterus.

71
Q

Describe a marsupials uterus ( duplex uterus)

A

Has two cervical canals that separate each uterine horn into distinct compartments.

72
Q

Describe a bicornuate uterus.

A

Characterized by having two uterine horns and a small uterine body. ( mare cow poorly developed horns / bitch queen sow highly developed uterine horns)

73
Q

Describe a primate uterus Simplex uterus.

A

Having a single uterine body

74
Q

What is the serosa called in the uterus?

A

Perimeteium

75
Q

What is the muscularis called in the uterus?

A

Myometrium

76
Q

What is the mucosa and sub mucosa called in the uterus?

A

Endometrium

77
Q

What is the primary function of the uterus?

A

Sperm transportation, luteolysis and control of cyclic its environment for preattachment embryo,maternal contribution to the placenta expulsion of the fetus and fetal placenta.

78
Q

Describe the Mucosa.

A

Intermost layer of reproductive tract, that secrets and protect. Cell type varies with region.

79
Q

What is the broad ligament

A

The broad ligament is the suspensory tissue that supports and suspends the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix and anterior vagina.

80
Q

What is the Mesovarium?

A

The mesovarium is a component of the broad ligament that attaches to and supports the ovary.

81
Q

What is the Mesosalpinx?

A

The Mesosalpinx is the srous part of the BL that surrounds and supports the oviducts.

82
Q

What is the Mesometrium?

A

The Mesometriumis the largest and most obvious part of the BL that supports the uterine horns and the body of the uterus. Continuous with dorsal peritoneum.

83
Q

How many ovaries do mammals have?

A

Two they are paired.

Avian species only have one

84
Q

What does the ovary produce?

A

Female gametes (ova) and the hormones estrogen and progesterone.

85
Q

What types of cells are on the outer layer of the ovaries?

A

Germinal epithelium cells (single layer cubodial cells)

86
Q

What is the Tunica albuginea?

A

The outer connective tissue that makes up the ovary (dense)

87
Q

What species has the cortex and medulla in the ovary reversed?

A

Mare (has an ovulation fossa)

88
Q

What is the ovarian cortex?

A

The ovarian cortex houses the functional corpus luteum and the degenerating corpora lutea known as the corprus albicans. (Functional area of the ovary.

89
Q

What is the Ovarian medulla?

A

Central part of the ovary that houses the vasculature nerves and the lymphatics and is composed of relatively dense connective tissue.

90
Q

What is folliculogenesis?

A

The process where by immature follicles develop into more advance follicles and become candidate for ovulation.

Farm Animal Repro (2 decks)

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