Exam 1

Question 1

Linnaeus

Answer 1

Classifying organisms (taxonomy

Question 2

Lyell

Answer 2

Uniformitarisms..same natural processes that affect the world today worked in the past. Allows earths history to be constructed

Question 3

Lamarck

Answer 3

Theory of acquired charachterist said: individual living organisms were seen as transforming direct in response to their changing environment. Ex: giraffes

Question 4

Darwin

Answer 4

Natural selection. Beneficial traits that are passed down onto the next generation. Studied on the Beagle

Question 5

Ray

Answer 5

Definition of species. Groups of reproductively isolated organisms

Question 6

Theory of evolution

Answer 6

•knowledge of distant cultures came from Herodotus and Marco Polo

Question 7

Evolutionary theory

Answer 7

• process of change over time
• set of testable hypothesis that assert living organisms can chne over time and give rise to new organisms
• share a common ancestry

1) fixity of species/essentialism: nothing new can be created, it is already here
2) intelligent design: there is a supernatural force that created everything

Question 8

The process of natural selection

Answer 8

1. Biological variation within species
2. Reproduction faster than increase in food supply
   • later generations get the accumulation of variation
   • pangenisis: parent gives trait
   •principal of segregation: get a mix of two traits

Question 9

Where are homins found

Answer 9

1) the great Rift Valley

2) South Africa

Question 10

Integrated culture features (4)

Answer 10

1) base- environment and natural resources
2) infrastructure- substinance/economy
3) social structure- rules and relationships, social organization
4) superstructure- beliefs and morality, how we view ourselves (world view)

Question 11

Benedict and Mead

Answer 11

Culture influences emotions, near never accounted for the biology of individuals which was controversial

Question 12

Psychological anthropologists believe that…

Answer 12

Biology influences emotions. Looks at how we are wired

Question 13

Anthros Adopt

Answer 13

A biological or interactions at perspective. Combines the effects of biology and culture to explain human behavior

Question 14

Endogamy vs. Exogamy

Answer 14

Endogamy- marriage within a group

Exogomy- marriage outside of a group. Leads to social networks and alliances

Question 15

Unilineal Evolution

Answer 15

• developmental stages of culture
• savagery, barbarism, civilization
• Edward taylor

Question 16

Franz Boas

Answer 16

• father of American anthropology
• trained first generation of American anthropologists
• emphasized that culture is UNIQUE
• argues that culture can’t fit into stages, they are all unique

Question 17

Koko

Answer 17

Female guerrilla, ASL

Question 18

Kanzi

Answer 18

Male monkey, voice directions

Question 19

Lexigram

Answer 19

Visual diagram with symbols representing concepts

Question 20

Novel sentences

Answer 20

Complex sentences never heard before (I love lamp)

Question 21

Linguistic Communication

Answer 21

Mor than words, can be physical

Question 22

Pidgin Languages

Answer 22

Derived from one another

Question 23

Creole languages

Answer 23

Taught/learned

Question 24

First use of fire

Answer 24

Homo Erectus in cold climate for cooking

Question 25

Oldie an Tools

Answer 25

• first was unchanged
material
• oldest evidence = 2 cut marks
• moved on to “chipper stones” that took flakes out of tools
•showed early humans had intellectual capacity
•used by h. Habillius

Question 26

Achulean Tools

Answer 26

• stone tools produced by flaking
• more complex, used for chopping and cutting
• more flakes
• used by h. Erectus
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Question 27

Mousterian Tools

Answer 27

• most complex

* used for wide variety