Exam 1 Flashcards
Economic Systems
The way a culture produces goods and distributes them for consumption
Monogamy
Union between two individuals
Polygamy
Union between three or more individuals
Polygyny
One man, multiple women
Polyandry
One women, multiple men
Incest taboo
The practice of socially prescribing marriage or reproduction with close kin members
Exogamy
The practice of marriage outside of a specific cultural group or social group
Endogamy
The practice of marriage within a specific cultural or social group
Cross-cousin marriage
Cousins who are not related to you by descent in matrilineal
Parallel-cousin marriage
The practice of marrying endogemous cousins
Bridewealth
Goods are transferred from the groom’s family to bride’s family in compensation for losing the productive and reproductive services
Bride service
Service rendered by the groom to the bride’s family exchange for bride, or as part of the bride price
Dowry
The transfer of parental property to a daughter at her marriage rather than at the parents death
Patrilocality Residence
More common than matrilocality
Matrilocality Residence
Tends to be more common in societies where women have greater power or make greater contributions to production
Neolocality Residebce
Common in industrialized nation-states
Sororate marriage
Women must marry the widower of her deceased sister
Levirate marriage
Man must marry the widow of his deceased brother.
Stocks
Scottish clans, Gilbert Islands
Kindreds
Ego- centered, all kin on both sides
Lineages
The groups of persons related to one another through a common ancestor
Subsistence Patterns
The sources and methods a society uses to obtain its food and other necessities
Matrilineal Descent
descent is traced through the mothers line only
Patrilineal Descent
Descent is traced through the father line only
3 types foraging
Pedestrian
Equestrian
Aquatic
Carrying Capacity
The maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water, and other necessities available in the environment.
Egalitarian Society
no other power structures than those based on gender and age.
3 types of reciprocity
Generalized
Balanced
Negative
Anthropology
the study of humanity.
Holism
a perspective on humanity that “assumes that mind, body, individuals, society, and the environment interpenetrate, and even define one another.”
Culture
includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.
5 features of culture
Learned Shared Patterned Adaptive Symbolic
Emic
Insiders view
Etic
outsider view
Subjectivity
personal opinions or feelings rather than on external facts or evidence.
Objectivity
describe something without being influenced by personal emotions or prejudices.
Reflexivity
Intentional self-reference where observation and interpretation
Cultural relativism
the principle that people’s beliefs and actions should be interpreted and understood in the context of their own culture.
