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Chem > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Quantitative

A

Numerical Measurements

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2
Q

Qualitative

A

Descriptions

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3
Q

Inductive Logic

A

Make a general Hypothesis after observing a specific occurance

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4
Q

What are the steps of the scientific method?

A
  1. Observation
  2. Question
  3. Hypothesis
  4. Prediction
  5. Test/Expirement
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5
Q

What are the 6 Elements that make up 98% of matter?

A
  1. Oxygen
  2. Carbon
  3. Hydrogen
  4. Nitrogen
  5. Sulfur
  6. Phosphorus
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6
Q

What is an Isotope?

A

Isotopes have the same # of protons in the nucleus of their atoms, but different # of neutrons

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7
Q

What is an Ionic bond?

A

One atom steals an amount of electrons from another atom

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8
Q

What is the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds?

A

Polar covalent bonds share the electrons unequally. Non-polar covalent bonds they share the bonds equally

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9
Q

Why are water molecules Polar?

A

Because the electrons spend a much larger amount of time with the hydrogen nucleus than with the Oxygen atoms.

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10
Q

How can water molecules form hydrogen bonds?

A

The Hydrogen desires to get rid of its 1 electron and Oxygen wants to gain 2 more electrons.

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11
Q

Why does water have a high heat capacity?

A

Because when heat is absorbed hydrogen bonds break apart and give it more room to move.

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12
Q

Why does water have a high heat of vaporization?

A

It requires a lot of energy to break apart multiple hydrogen bonds.

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13
Q

Why is water sticky?

A

Because of the hydrogen bonds give it a charge at the oxygen atom.

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14
Q

How to identify a substance as hydrophobic or hydrophilic

A

Look at the OH bonds. if there are some, Hydrophilic, if not, Hydrophobic.

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15
Q

What does amphipathic mean?

A

A substance which is partially hydrophillic and hydrophobic

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16
Q

What are the four major classes of macro-molecules?

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Lipids
  3. Proteins
  4. Nucleic Acids
17
Q

Which of the four classes are able to form Polymers?

A

Carbohydrates, Proteins and Nucleic acids

18
Q

What is carbohydrates function?

A

To transport stored energy, they are a source of stored energy, they are structural molecules and they are signaling molecules

19
Q

How are Monosaccharides joined together?

A

When one of the two mono loses a HO molecule and the other loses an H molecule and fuse together

20
Q

What types of bonds hold Monosaccharides together?

A

A Glycosidic bond

21
Q

What is the function of starch?

A

Starch breaks down and converts into Glucose for energy.

22
Q

What is the function of Glycogen?

A

Glycogen is the secondary storage of energy, the first being fats held in adipose tissue.

23
Q

What is the function of Cellulose?

A

In plants it helps with structure, with humans it is a much needed source of fiber.

24
Q

Why do humans need cellulose?

A

Cellulose helps clear out the digestive tract and helps prevent constipation.

25
Q

What is the functions of lipids?

A

Lipids store energy, play important structural roles and can be used as fat for thermal insulation

26
Q

How do phospholipids form a lipid bilayer

A

When the nonpolar tails form together to be protected from water, while the polar heads become exposed to water.

27
Q

What are the functions of nucleic acids?

A

Nucleic acids make up genetic information in living things.

28
Q

What are the three main components of a nucleotide?

A 
A Sugar (Called deoxyribose)
A phosphate
A base (Adenine,  Guanine, Cytosine or Thymine)
29
Q

What are the bases called Pyrimidines?

A

Thymine and Cytosine

30
Q

What are the bases called Purines?

A

Adenine and Guanine

31
Q

How are Nucleic acids formed?

A

Adenine forms with Thymine with 2 H-bonds.

Guanine and Cytosine form with a 3 H-bonds.

32
Q

What is the Central Dogma of Biology?

A

DNA goes through transcription (Which happens in the nucleus) to become RNA which then goes through translation (Which happens in the Cytosine) to become Protein.

33
Q

What is a Gene?

A

A gene has enough DNA to code for 1 protein.

34
Q

What is a Genome?

A

The sum total of an organisms DNA.

35
Q

What are the functions of proteins?

A

Proteins do most of the work in cells and are required for structure, function and regulation of the body’s tissue and organs.

36
Q

How does a Peptide bond form between 2 amino acids?

A

The Carboxylic group of the one reacts with the amino group of the other and bonds them together.

37
Q

Types of protien secondary structure

A

Alpha Helix
Beta Pleated Sheet
Triple helix

38
Q

What is Quaternary protien structure?

A

The combination of two or more chains to form a complete unit.

Chem (4 decks)

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