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Physical Exam > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a normal respiratory rate?

A

12 to 24 breaths per minute

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2
Q

List the BMI categories

A

Underweight – less than 18.5,
normal – 18.5 to 24.9,
overweight – 25 to 29.9,
obese – greater than 30

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3
Q

Distinguish between acute and chronic pain

A

Acute pain – less than six months duration

Chronic pain – more than six months duration

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4
Q

Which type of pain is from tissue damage?

A

Nociceptive (somatic)

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5
Q

Which type of pain is from direct injury to PNS or CNS?

A

Neuropathic

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6
Q

Which type of pain is from anxiety, depression, social norms?

A

Psychogenic

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7
Q

Which type of pain has no identifiable cause?

A

Idiopathic

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8
Q

What pulse rate is considered tachycardic, and which is considered bradycardic?

A

Tachycardia – greater than 100, bradycardia – less than 60

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9
Q

Which layers of the eye are considered protective?

A

sclera and cornea

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10
Q

Which layers of the eye are vascular?

A

Choroid, ciliary body, Iris

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11
Q

Which layers of the eye are visual?

A

Retina and lens

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12
Q

What layers comprise the angle of the eye?

A

The fold between the cornea and iris (forming the anterior chamber)

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13
Q

What is a sand sensation in the eye often indicative of?

A

Viral infection

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the pinhole test?

A

It eliminates refractive error

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15
Q

Explain the numbers in “20/20 vision”

A

Numerator – distance in feet from patient to chart

Denominator – distance in feet at which a person with excellent vision would see the same letter

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16
Q

What is presbyopia?

A

A diminished ability to see near objects with age

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17
Q

Which disease of the eye causes a narrowing of the visual field?

A

Glaucoma

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18
Q

What is bitemporal hemianopsia?

A

A blindness in the periphery of visual field due to lesion on optic chiasm

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19
Q

What is homonymous hemianopsia?

A

Blindness in right or left visual field due to lesion posterior to chiasm

20
Q

What is an Amsler grid?

A

A test for loss of central vision as in macular degeneration

21
Q

What is a tonometer?

A

An instrument that measures intraocular pressure

22
Q

What is a normal intraocular pressure?

A

10 to 20 mmHg

23
Q

What is a nystagmus?

A

Unintentional movement of eye back-and-forth

24
Q

What is esotropia?

A

An inward turning strabismus (lazy eye)

25
Q

What metabolic disease causes exophthalmos?

A

Graves’ disease (Hyperthyroidism)

26
Q

What is icterus?

A

Yellowing of the eye as in jaundice

27
Q

Damage to which cranial nerve causes incomplete closure of eyelid?

A

Seven (Bells palsy)

28
Q

What does an increased iris shadow imply?

A

Angle closure glaucoma

29
Q

Which cranial nerve is tested when assessing corneal sensitivity?

A

Trigeminal (V)

30
Q

What is PERRLA?

A

Pupils equal, round, reactive to light, and accommodating

31
Q

What is a Marcus Gunn pupil?

A

Afferent pupil defect (pupil fails to remain constricted after light directly applied)

32
Q

What disease is Argyll Robertson pupil associated with?

A

Neurosyphilis

33
Q

List five components of the eye seen during ophthalmoscope portion of eye exam

A 
Red reflex +4 
Cornea, lids, AC  +20 
Retina +0
Optic disc and vessels 
Macula
34
Q

What is an Argyll Robertson pupil?

A

Pupils accommodate (constrict) when looking at near object but do not react (constrict) when looking at bright light

35
Q

What part of the eye does a cataract effect?

A

Lens

36
Q

List two antibiotics known to interfere with hearing

A

Gentamicin and streptomycin

37
Q

Compare sound lateralizations between conductive and sensory-neruro hearing in the Weber bone conduction hearing test

A

In conductive hearing loss sound lateralizes to worse ear

In sensorineural hearing loss sound lateralizes to better ear

38
Q

What do Kernig’s sign and Brudzinsky’s sign test for?

A

Meningitis

39
Q

What are leukoplakias erythoplakias?

A

Premalignant oral lesions that may progress to elevated plaques that ulcerate

40
Q

What are the two leading risk factors for oral cancer?

A

Tobacco and alcohol use

41
Q

When should you refer a patient for biopsy of a suspicious oral lesion?

A

When the red or white lesion has persisted longer than two weeks, or in the case of a non-healing mouth sore that bleeds easily

42
Q

What are benign bony protrusions in the pallet or mandible called?

A

Tori

43
Q

Which type of edema is pitting, usually bilateral, with thickened skin and ulcerations?

A

Orthostatic edema

44
Q

Which type of edema is usually unilateral, non-pitting, progresses from soft to hard?

A

Lymphedema

45
Q

Name all 13 lymph nodes and know their location

A

Occipital, posterior auricular, preauricular, tonsillar, submandibular, submental, superficial cervical, deep cervical, posterior cervical, supraclavicular, axillary, epitrochlear, inguinal

Physical Exam (2 decks)

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