exam 1

Question 1

formal charge formula

Answer 1

FC = # of valence electrons - (# of bonds + # of unshared electrons)

Question 2

have same molecular formula but different constitutions (different physical/chemical properties)

Answer 2

constitutional isomers

Question 3

forms four bonds

Answer 3

tetravalent

Question 4

forms three bonds

Answer 4

trivalent

Question 5

forms two bonds

Answer 5

divalent

Question 6

forms one bond

Answer 6

monovalent

Question 7

two atoms share a pair of electrons

Answer 7

covalent bond

Question 8

unshared, or nonbonding electrons

Answer 8

lone pair

Question 9

associated with any atom that does not exhibit the appropriate number of valence electrons

Answer 9

formal charge

Question 10

if the difference in electronegativity is less than 0.5 then it is a _____ bond

Answer 10

covalent

Question 11

if the difference in electronegativity is between 0.5 and 1.7 then it is a _______ bond

Answer 11

polar covalent

Question 12

the withdrawal of electrons toward oxygen

Answer 12

induction

Question 13

if the difference in electronegativity is greater than 1.7 then it is a ____ bond, and the electrons are not shared at all

Answer 13

ionic

Question 14

the lowest energy orbital is filled first

Answer 14

the aufbau principle

Question 15

orbitals with the same energy level

Answer 15

degenerate orbitals

Question 16

each orbital can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons that have opposite spin

Answer 16

pauli exclusion principle

Question 17

with degenerate orbitals, 1 electron is placed in each degenerate orbital first

Answer 17

hunds rule

Question 18

a bond is simply the sharing of electron density between 2 atoms as a result of the constructive interference of their atomic orbitals

Answer 18

valence bond theory

Question 19

atomic orbitals combine to form bonds that cover the entire molecule, called molecular orbitals

Answer 19

molecular orbital theory

Question 20

the lower energy molecular orbital

Answer 20

bonding MO

Question 21

the higher energy molecular orbital

Answer 21

antibonding MO

Question 22

the highest energy orbital from among the occupied orbitals

Answer 22

highest occupied molecular orbital or HOMO

Question 23

the lowest energy orbital from among the occupied orbitals

Answer 23

lowest unoccupied molecular orbital or LUMO

Question 24

occur when the center of negative charge and the center of positive charge are separated from one another by a certain distance

Answer 24

dipole moment

Question 25

the percent ionic character of a bond is determined by measuring its ________

Answer 25

dipole moment

Question 26

the vector sum of individual dipole moments in a compound determines the ___________

Answer 26

molecular dipole moment

Question 27

the physical properties of compounds are determined by _____

Answer 27

intermolecular forces

Question 28

occur between 2 molecules that possess permanent dipole moments

Answer 28

dipole-dipole interactions

Question 29

result from the interaction between transient dipole moments and are stronger for larger alkanes due to their larger surface area and ability to accommodate more interactions

Answer 29

london dispersion forces

Question 30

____ are compounds that contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions

Answer 30

soaps