Exam 1 Flashcards by Cassie Meylor

Chronaxine

The time required to depolarize a nerve fiber when the peak current is twice Rheobase.
When amplitude is twice rhoebase and the phase duration is slightly greater that Chronaxine the result will be the greatest comfort for the patient

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Frequency

Number of pulses or cycles generated per second

Increased frequency leads to summation.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Wedenskis inhibition

Stimulation the the increased frequency refacing period of the sensory were cases inhibition
Action potential failure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Capacitance

Ability of a material to store a charge

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Physiological effects of electrical stimulation

Decreased pain, decreased muscle spasm, reduced edema

Stimulate exercise by muscle contraction, stimulate healing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Monophonic current

Current flow in one direction
Direct current
Aka Galvanic
Unequal sized electrodes, one is active; at the target site. One is dispersive, away from target site

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Biphasic current

Alternating current

Flow of electrons changes direction regularly

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Phase duration

Time time it takes current to leave the isoelectric lines to when it returns to this line

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Amplitude

Intensity or magnitude of the current
Must be high enough to reach threshold of muscle or nerve
Increase peak currents is associated with greater depth of penetration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Average current

Amount of current supplied over a period of time

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Strength duration curve

Describes the relationship between amplitude (strength) of electrical current and the duration (phase)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Phase charge

Alter phase charge by changing the phase duration and the amplitude
Muscle cx: A alpha motor neurons have been exceeded (burning, needling)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Rheobase

Minimum amplitude need to depolarize a nerve fiber when phase duration is infinite
If peak amplitude fails to exceed Rheobase the nerve will not depolarize

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bipolar

2 equal sized electrons

Most common used in TENS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Quadripolar

Mused with interferential currents

2 separate medium frequency currents are used with electrons placed as cross currents

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

NMES

Goal is to stim alphs motor nerves causing strong muscle cx
1* retain lost muscle function, decrease muscle atrophy
2* decrease muscle spasm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

NMES physiological

Slow twice fiber safe contracted first, minimal fatigue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MNES electrical

Larger diameter, fast twitch fibers are reactive first, lower captainanc
Nerves fatigue rapidly

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

NMES currents

Russian- biphasic sine waves

Biphasic pulsed- symmetrical, biphasic

Interferential- 2 or more biphasic sine wave currents

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

TENS

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

Stim of nerve thru skin
Modification of neurological aspects of pain
Acute paint also use ice and heat

Sensory level stimulation

Large diameter target tissue (a beta fibers)
High pulse rate .. 60-150 hz
Sub motor stim
Acute
20-30 mins

Motor level stimulation

Cause depolarization do alpha motor neurons
More vigorous then sensory
NOT for acute
Pulse rate low 0-15 he

Noxious level stimulation

Stimulation of C fiber s
Used on trigger points
Pulse rate high (60-150)
Tolerable….10-20

Interferential currents.

true, pre mod, vector scan, stereodynamic
3000-5000 hz
2 channels= 4 electrons
Must apply electrode sin CRiSSCROSS

Constructive interferential

When 2 sinusoidal waves that are exactly in phase combine, the waves supplement each other in common interferential

Destructive interferential

When 2 sinusoidal waves are exactly out of phase the result is cancellation of both waves

Heterodyme interferential

Combination of both resulting in a wave with a beat effect

True interferential

2 channel 4 electrodes, applied Quadripolar crisscross | Most intense where currents cross

Pre modulated INF

Pain relief Good for small areas 2 electrodes on either side

Vector scan interferential

Quadripolar electrode placement Uses true interferential Cloverleaf pattern, larger tx area

Stereodynamic

3 channels, 6 electrodes | 3 D pattern, flower

Effects / indications of INF

Pain reduction ( acute and chronic) Muscle strengthens/ reeducation (pelvic floor) Increase circulation Slow bowel transit

Setting for pain INF

To beat frequency Acute= 60-150. Chronic =0-15. Subacute=1-150 Tx time 15-20 mins Amp. Comfort (tingling)

Settings for strength INF

Amp. Tolerance | Tx freq 40-60 hz

Russian current

Kots | Duty cycle off/on to cause muscle cx for muscle strengthing

Indications for Russian current

Muscle re education, retard atrophy, strength, decrease muscle spasm Can be uncomfortable 1 sec/50sec for strength 10swec/10sec for muscle fatigue

Electrodes placement for Russian stem

Always along fibers of same muscle or muscle group Monopolar= 2 unequal sized electrode Bipolar= 2 equal sized Quadripolar=4 electrodes

High voltage pulsed current | ESTHR

Aka galvanic Sued for enhancing soft tissue repair Must have form peak momphasic DC current

Benefits of ESTHR

Deeper penetration | Avg current remains low due to short phase duration resulting in a safe current

Microcurrent

Continued or pulsed current with polarity reversal Peak amp is below Rheobase of a beta afferent fibers No depolarization takes place

Galvanotaxis

Polarized cells are attracted to the opposite polarity, enhances healing

Inflammatory phase

Positive polarity, attracts neutrophils and macrophages

Proliferation phase

Negative polarity, | Attracts fibroblasts that promote collagen function

Remodeling / maturation phase

Negative polarity | Attracts kertanocytes and epithelial cells

Edema reduction with high volt

Negative polarity Monophasic electrode placement, over area of swelling Dispersal electrode proximal, for deeper penetration

Indications for high volt

Muscle spasm reduction | Pain reduction but it preferred like INF

Under stock for high volt and Mirco

Stimulate wound healing Decrease edema Decrease spasm

PH changes in monophasic current

Positive polarity attracts acids Repels bases Negative polarity attracts bases Repels acids