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Passive Care Contraindications > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Chronaxine

A

The time required to depolarize a nerve fiber when the peak current is twice Rheobase.
When amplitude is twice rhoebase and the phase duration is slightly greater that Chronaxine the result will be the greatest comfort for the patient

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2
Q

Frequency

A

Number of pulses or cycles generated per second

Increased frequency leads to summation.

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3
Q

Wedenskis inhibition

A

Stimulation the the increased frequency refacing period of the sensory were cases inhibition
Action potential failure

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4
Q

Capacitance

A

Ability of a material to store a charge

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5
Q

Physiological effects of electrical stimulation

A

Decreased pain, decreased muscle spasm, reduced edema

Stimulate exercise by muscle contraction, stimulate healing

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6
Q

Monophonic current

A

Current flow in one direction
Direct current
Aka Galvanic
Unequal sized electrodes, one is active; at the target site. One is dispersive, away from target site

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7
Q

Biphasic current

A

Alternating current

Flow of electrons changes direction regularly

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8
Q

Phase duration

A

Time time it takes current to leave the isoelectric lines to when it returns to this line

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9
Q

Amplitude

A

Intensity or magnitude of the current
Must be high enough to reach threshold of muscle or nerve
Increase peak currents is associated with greater depth of penetration

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10
Q

Average current

A

Amount of current supplied over a period of time

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11
Q

Strength duration curve

A

Describes the relationship between amplitude (strength) of electrical current and the duration (phase)

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12
Q

Phase charge

A

Alter phase charge by changing the phase duration and the amplitude
Muscle cx: A alpha motor neurons have been exceeded (burning, needling)

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13
Q

Rheobase

A

Minimum amplitude need to depolarize a nerve fiber when phase duration is infinite
If peak amplitude fails to exceed Rheobase the nerve will not depolarize

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14
Q

Bipolar

A

2 equal sized electrons

Most common used in TENS

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15
Q

Quadripolar

A

Mused with interferential currents

2 separate medium frequency currents are used with electrons placed as cross currents

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16
Q

NMES

A

Goal is to stim alphs motor nerves causing strong muscle cx
1* retain lost muscle function, decrease muscle atrophy
2* decrease muscle spasm

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17
Q

NMES physiological

A

Slow twice fiber safe contracted first, minimal fatigue

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18
Q

MNES electrical

A

Larger diameter, fast twitch fibers are reactive first, lower captainanc
Nerves fatigue rapidly

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19
Q

NMES currents

A

Russian- biphasic sine waves

Biphasic pulsed- symmetrical, biphasic

Interferential- 2 or more biphasic sine wave currents

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20
Q

TENS

A

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

Stim of nerve thru skin
Modification of neurological aspects of pain
Acute paint also use ice and heat

21
Q

Sensory level stimulation

A 
Large diameter target tissue (a beta fibers)
High pulse rate .. 60-150 hz
Sub motor stim
Acute
20-30 mins
22
Q

Motor level stimulation

A

Cause depolarization do alpha motor neurons
More vigorous then sensory
NOT for acute
Pulse rate low 0-15 he

23
Q

Noxious level stimulation

A

Stimulation of C fiber s
Used on trigger points
Pulse rate high (60-150)
Tolerable….10-20

24
Q

Interferential currents.

A

true, pre mod, vector scan, stereodynamic
3000-5000 hz
2 channels= 4 electrons
Must apply electrode sin CRiSSCROSS

25
Q

Constructive interferential

A

When 2 sinusoidal waves that are exactly in phase combine, the waves supplement each other in common interferential

26
Q

Destructive interferential

A

When 2 sinusoidal waves are exactly out of phase the result is cancellation of both waves

27
Q

Heterodyme interferential

A

Combination of both resulting in a wave with a beat effect

28
Q

True interferential

A

2 channel 4 electrodes, applied Quadripolar crisscross

Most intense where currents cross

29
Q

Pre modulated INF

A

Pain relief
Good for small areas
2 electrodes on either side

30
Q

Vector scan interferential

A

Quadripolar electrode placement
Uses true interferential
Cloverleaf pattern, larger tx area

31
Q

Stereodynamic

A

3 channels, 6 electrodes

3 D pattern, flower

32
Q

Effects / indications of INF

A

Pain reduction ( acute and chronic)
Muscle strengthens/ reeducation (pelvic floor)
Increase circulation
Slow bowel transit

33
Q

Setting for pain INF

A

To beat frequency
Acute= 60-150. Chronic =0-15. Subacute=1-150
Tx time 15-20 mins
Amp. Comfort (tingling)

34
Q

Settings for strength INF

A

Amp. Tolerance

Tx freq 40-60 hz

35
Q

Russian current

A

Kots

Duty cycle off/on to cause muscle cx for muscle strengthing

36
Q

Indications for Russian current

A

Muscle re education, retard atrophy, strength, decrease muscle spasm
Can be uncomfortable
1 sec/50sec for strength
10swec/10sec for muscle fatigue

37
Q

Electrodes placement for Russian stem

A

Always along fibers of same muscle or muscle group
Monopolar= 2 unequal sized electrode
Bipolar= 2 equal sized
Quadripolar=4 electrodes

38
Q

High voltage pulsed current

ESTHR

A

Aka galvanic
Sued for enhancing soft tissue repair
Must have form peak momphasic DC current

39
Q

Benefits of ESTHR

A

Deeper penetration

Avg current remains low due to short phase duration resulting in a safe current

40
Q

Microcurrent

A

Continued or pulsed current with polarity reversal
Peak amp is below Rheobase of a beta afferent fibers
No depolarization takes place

41
Q

Galvanotaxis

A

Polarized cells are attracted to the opposite polarity, enhances healing

42
Q

Inflammatory phase

A

Positive polarity, attracts neutrophils and macrophages

43
Q

Proliferation phase

A

Negative polarity,

Attracts fibroblasts that promote collagen function

44
Q

Remodeling / maturation phase

A

Negative polarity

Attracts kertanocytes and epithelial cells

45
Q

Edema reduction with high volt

A

Negative polarity
Monophasic electrode placement, over area of swelling
Dispersal electrode proximal, for deeper penetration

46
Q

Indications for high volt

A

Muscle spasm reduction

Pain reduction but it preferred like INF

47
Q

Under stock for high volt and Mirco

A

Stimulate wound healing
Decrease edema
Decrease spasm

48
Q

PH changes in monophasic current

A

Positive polarity attracts acids
Repels bases

Negative polarity attracts bases
Repels acids

Passive Care Contraindications (4 decks)

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