Exam 1-4

Question 1

Investigation

Answer 1

start of modern justice process to determine who did it

Question 2

Warrent

Answer 2

issued by judge, provides legal basis for apprehension

Question 3

Arrest

Answer 3

act of taking person into custody

Question 4

Booking

Answer 4

administrative procedure to gain fingerprints, photographs, arrest reports, and criminal history checks

Question 5

First Appearance

Answer 5

first appearance before judge, may have opportunity for bail if defense could get ROR (released on recognizance)

Question 6

Information (Indictment)

Answer 6

formal written accusation submitted by officer alleging that person has committed an offense

Question 7

Grand Jury

Answer 7

group of citizens selected to hear evidence and determine if evidence is sufficient to start trial (16-24)

Question 8

Preliminary Hearing

Answer 8

determine if sufficient evidence

Question 9

Adjudication

Answer 9

defendant has right to trial by jury

Question 10

Arraignment

Answer 10

stands before judge hears indictment

Question 11

Sentencing

Answer 11

trial convictions, or someone enters a plea bargain and pleads guilty

Question 12

Re-entry

Answer 12

community service, probation

Question 13

Murder

Answer 13

unlawful killing of one human by another

Question 14

Rape

Answer 14

unlawful sexual intercourse achieved through force without consent

Question 15

Robbery

Answer 15

personal crime involving face-to-face confrontation between victim and offenders

Question 16

Burglary

Answer 16

someone enters building to commit crime

Question 17

Crime

Answer 17

violation of criminal law without acceptable legal justification

Question 18

Deviance

Answer 18

violation of social norms defining appropriate behavior under a particular set of circumstances

Question 19

Utilitarianism

Answer 19

individual avoids crime aslong as punishment outweighs benefits of committing crime

Question 20

Rational Choice Theory

Answer 20

Crime results from conscious choice

Question 21

Routine Activities Theory

Answer 21

lifestyles affect amount and type of crime

Question 22

Classical/Neoclassical Theory

Answer 22

free will

Question 23

Early Biological Theories

Answer 23

behavior based on genetics and is predetermined

Question 24

Atavism

Answer 24

born a criminal

Question 25

Somotypes

Answer 25

Mesomorphs (big, aggressive) Endomorphs (medium) Exomorphs (small)

Question 26

Biosocial

Answer 26

interaction between biological and social and cultural environments produce behavior

Question 27

Psycogical Theories

Answer 27

crimes result of inappropriate conditioned behavior, abnormal or dysfunctional mental process

Question 28

Psychopathy

Answer 28

person with personality disorder

Question 29

Psychpathology

Answer 29

study of psycholathic mental conditions

Question 30

Psychopath

Answer 30

moral idiot, inability to empathisize with others

Question 31

Psychosis

Answer 31

form of mental illness sufferers out of touch with reality

Question 32

Trait Theory

Answer 32

links personality to behavior ( stable); 1 Openness 2 Extraversion 3 Conscientiousness 4 Neuroticism 5 Agreeableness

Question 33

Eysenk Trait Theory

Answer 33

Inteoversion/Extraversion, Neuroticism/Emotional Stability, Psychotism

Question 34

Psychological Profiling

Answer 34

Attempt to categorize understand or predict offenders behavior

Question 35

Sociological Theory

Answer 35

structure of society, social organization or disorganization

Question 36

Social Ecology Theory

Answer 36

crime dependent on social structure of city

Question 37

Anomie Theory

Answer 37

disjunction between socially acceptable goals and means, use illegal means to achieve goals

Question 38

Subcultural Theory

Answer 38

subcultures support criminal activity

Question 39

Differential Association Theory

Answer 39

natural cognizance of interactions with criminal lifestyles

Question 40

Restraint Theory

Answer 40

Focuses on keeping people from crime

Question 41

Labeling Theory

Answer 41

negative response to society from those labeled offenders

Question 42

Conflict Theory

Answer 42

composed of conflicting diverse social groups

Question 43

Statuatory Law

Answer 43

law on the books

Question 44

Common Law

Answer 44

traditional law of unwritten historical precedents

Question 45

Penal Code

Answer 45

written form of criminal law

Question 46

Common Law

Answer 46

law resulting from judicial decisions

Question 47

Criminal Law

Answer 47

regulations defining nature of punishment for offender

Question 48

Procedural Law

Answer 48

rules determining preceding in which legal rights are enforced

Question 49

Civil Law

Answer 49

governs relationships of people

Question 50

Case Law

Answer 50

law of precedent

Question 51

State Decisis

Answer 51

recognizes previous devisions to guide future deliberations

Question 52

Felonies

Answer 52

death or incarceration form more than a year

Question 53

Misdemeanors

Answer 53

incarceration for up to a yeat

Question 54

Offences/ Infractions / Violations

Answer 54

resulting in ticket

Question 55

Treason

Answer 55

US citizen helps foreign government overthrow, declare war against, or injure the US

Question 56

Espionage

Answer 56

gathering info of nation defense and giving it to enemy of US

Question 57

Inchoate Offense

Answer 57

conspiracy

Question 58

Actus Reus

Answer 58

voluntarily act of committing crime

Question 59

Mens Rea

Answer 59

mental state at time or crime

Question 60

Concurrance

Answer 60

voluntary and mental state occur simultaneously

Question 61

Corpus Delecti

Answer 61

person cannot be tried for a crime unless proof crime occured

Question 62

Alibi

Answer 62

proof defendant elsewhere at time of crime

Question 63

Justification

Answer 63

guilty to crime but claims necessary to avoid greater evil

Question 64

Excuse

Answer 64

personal circumstance in which defendant should not be held accountable

Question 65

Procedural Defense

Answer 65

defendant discriminated against in justice process