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Criminal Justice > Exam 1-4 > Flashcards

Exam 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

Investigation

A

start of modern justice process to determine who did it

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2
Q

Warrent

A

issued by judge, provides legal basis for apprehension

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3
Q

Arrest

A

act of taking person into custody

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4
Q

Booking

A

administrative procedure to gain fingerprints, photographs, arrest reports, and criminal history checks

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5
Q

First Appearance

A

first appearance before judge, may have opportunity for bail if defense could get ROR (released on recognizance)

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6
Q

Information (Indictment)

A

formal written accusation submitted by officer alleging that person has committed an offense

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7
Q

Grand Jury

A

group of citizens selected to hear evidence and determine if evidence is sufficient to start trial (16-24)

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8
Q

Preliminary Hearing

A

determine if sufficient evidence

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9
Q

Adjudication

A

defendant has right to trial by jury

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10
Q

Arraignment

A

stands before judge hears indictment

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11
Q

Sentencing

A

trial convictions, or someone enters a plea bargain and pleads guilty

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12
Q

Re-entry

A

community service, probation

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13
Q

Murder

A

unlawful killing of one human by another

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14
Q

Rape

A

unlawful sexual intercourse achieved through force without consent

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15
Q

Robbery

A

personal crime involving face-to-face confrontation between victim and offenders

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16
Q

Burglary

A

someone enters building to commit crime

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17
Q

Crime

A

violation of criminal law without acceptable legal justification

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18
Q

Deviance

A

violation of social norms defining appropriate behavior under a particular set of circumstances

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19
Q

Utilitarianism

A

individual avoids crime aslong as punishment outweighs benefits of committing crime

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20
Q

Rational Choice Theory

A

Crime results from conscious choice

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21
Q

Routine Activities Theory

A

lifestyles affect amount and type of crime

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22
Q

Classical/Neoclassical Theory

A

free will

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23
Q

Early Biological Theories

A

behavior based on genetics and is predetermined

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24
Q

Atavism

A

born a criminal

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25
Q

Somotypes

A

Mesomorphs (big, aggressive) Endomorphs (medium) Exomorphs (small)

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26
Q

Biosocial

A

interaction between biological and social and cultural environments produce behavior

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27
Q

Psycogical Theories

A

crimes result of inappropriate conditioned behavior, abnormal or dysfunctional mental process

28
Q

Psychopathy

A

person with personality disorder

29
Q

Psychpathology

A

study of psycholathic mental conditions

30
Q

Psychopath

A

moral idiot, inability to empathisize with others

31
Q

Psychosis

A

form of mental illness sufferers out of touch with reality

32
Q

Trait Theory

A

links personality to behavior ( stable); 1 Openness 2 Extraversion 3 Conscientiousness 4 Neuroticism 5 Agreeableness

33
Q

Eysenk Trait Theory

A

Inteoversion/Extraversion, Neuroticism/Emotional Stability, Psychotism

34
Q

Psychological Profiling

A

Attempt to categorize understand or predict offenders behavior

35
Q

Sociological Theory

A

structure of society, social organization or disorganization

36
Q

Social Ecology Theory

A

crime dependent on social structure of city

37
Q

Anomie Theory

A

disjunction between socially acceptable goals and means, use illegal means to achieve goals

38
Q

Subcultural Theory

A

subcultures support criminal activity

39
Q

Differential Association Theory

A

natural cognizance of interactions with criminal lifestyles

40
Q

Restraint Theory

A

Focuses on keeping people from crime

41
Q

Labeling Theory

A

negative response to society from those labeled offenders

42
Q

Conflict Theory

A

composed of conflicting diverse social groups

43
Q

Statuatory Law

A

law on the books

44
Q

Common Law

A

traditional law of unwritten historical precedents

45
Q

Penal Code

A

written form of criminal law

46
Q

Common Law

A

law resulting from judicial decisions

47
Q

Criminal Law

A

regulations defining nature of punishment for offender

48
Q

Procedural Law

A

rules determining preceding in which legal rights are enforced

49
Q

Civil Law

A

governs relationships of people

50
Q

Case Law

A

law of precedent

51
Q

State Decisis

A

recognizes previous devisions to guide future deliberations

52
Q

Felonies

A

death or incarceration form more than a year

53
Q

Misdemeanors

A

incarceration for up to a yeat

54
Q

Offences/ Infractions / Violations

A

resulting in ticket

55
Q

Treason

A

US citizen helps foreign government overthrow, declare war against, or injure the US

56
Q

Espionage

A

gathering info of nation defense and giving it to enemy of US

57
Q

Inchoate Offense

A

conspiracy

58
Q

Actus Reus

A

voluntarily act of committing crime

59
Q

Mens Rea

A

mental state at time or crime

60
Q

Concurrance

A

voluntary and mental state occur simultaneously

61
Q

Corpus Delecti

A

person cannot be tried for a crime unless proof crime occured

62
Q

Alibi

A

proof defendant elsewhere at time of crime

63
Q

Justification

A

guilty to crime but claims necessary to avoid greater evil

64
Q

Excuse

A

personal circumstance in which defendant should not be held accountable

65
Q

Procedural Defense

A

defendant discriminated against in justice process

Criminal Justice (1 decks)

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