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Clin Path > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

stomach

A

epigastric

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2
Q

agenesis/aplasia

A

failure of an organ (or pair of organs) to develop at all

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3
Q

neoplasm

A

abnormal mass of tissue growing autonomously

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3
Q

tissue cell damage

A

potassium, histamine, prostaglandins, substance P

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3
Q

appendix/small intestine

A

periumbilical

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4
Q

ureters

A

groin & inner thighs

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5
Q

benign neoplasm

A

well circumscribed border compresses surrounding tissue often has fibrous capsule usually well differentiated does NOT metastasize

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6
Q

hypoplasia

A

partial development of an organ; results in functional deficiency

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7
Q

hypertrophy

A

enlargement of a tissue or organ due to enlargement of individual cells; tissue contains permanent non-dividing cells

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8
Q

metaplasia

A

change of 1 cell type to another cell type in response to a chronically irritating or injurious stimulus; involves change in differentiation

ex: Barrett’s esophagus

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8
Q

neoplastic differentiation

A

degree that the neoplasm is similar to normal cells in appearance and function

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9
Q

scar

A

accumulation of collagen produced by fibroblasts

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10
Q

pain modulation

A

influences on the transmission; dampening of pain (regulation)

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11
Q

pain transduction

A

conversion of the noxious (mechanical) stimulus to electrical activity at receptor

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13
Q

Oncology

A

study of tumors

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14
Q

liver-gallbladder

A

right costal margin radiating to back/right shoulder

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14
Q

ovaries

A

periumbilical

15
Q

repair

A

combination of regeneration and scaring

16
Q

tumor

A

(neoplasm) previously associated with inflammation as area of swelling due to edema

16
Q

pain transmission

A

transmission of that impulse from an afferent receptor to the CNS

17
Q

rectum

A

low back radiating to posterior thigh and calf

18
Q

t cells and marcophages damage

A

cytokines

19
Q

atrophy

A

shrinkage of tissue or organ that has formed and matured normally

19
Q

Cancer

A

malignant neoplasm; derived from the word “crab”

21
Q

dysplasia

A

disordered growth typically occurring in epithelial cells which results in variation of cellular size and shape, as well as loss of architectural orientation; cell nuclei may be darker and larger than normal (many progress to cancer)

21
Q

pain perception

A

subjective experience of pain in the brain

22
Q

heart

A

substernal radiating to back, inner aspect of arm

24
Q

carcinoma

A

malignant tumors of epithelial origin

25
Q

activation of nociceptors

A

pain producing chemicals are released in the area of tissue damage (chemicals depend on type of tissue/cell damaged)

27
Q

pain threshold

A

point at which a stimulus is perceived as pain

28
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of epithelial origin with squamous cell differentiation

30
Q

spread through lymphatics

A

cancer spreads into lymphatic vessels at tumor margin and follows route of lymph drainage Ex: Breast cancer

31
Q

adenoma

A

benign epithelial tumor forming a glandular pattern histologically or derived from a gland; came sometimes secrete hormones

32
Q

pain tolerance

A

maximum intensity or duration endured

33
Q

regeneration

A

replacement of lost cells with similar cells in function and structure

34
Q

mast cells damage

A

bradykinin

35
Q

malignant neoplasm

A

ragged border infiltrated and invades surrounding tissue invades capsule if present poorly, moderately, or well differentiated may metastasize

37
Q

sarcoma

A

malignant tumors that originate from supportive tissue (mesenchymal origin)

39
Q

prostate

A

periumbilical & groin/scrotum or penis

40
Q

spreading through bv (hematogenous spread)

A

spread through veins- easy for a cancer cells to invade wall of vein bc they have thinner walls Ex: spread of colon cancer thru portal vein

41
Q

hyperplasia

A

enlargement of a tissue or organ due to increase in cell number often caused by hormonal stimulation; is NOT NEOPLASTIC GROWTH, in which there is an abnormal mass of tissue growing autonomously

42
Q

Diaphragm

A

ipsilateral shoulder/neck

Clin Path (3 decks)

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