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Maternal Child > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the coiled structure that sits on top of the testes and is the place where sperm mature?

A

Epididymis

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2
Q

Which term refers to the penis and scrotum?

A

External genitals

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3
Q

Which structure carries both urine and semen?

A

Urethra

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4
Q

Which cells secrete testosterone?

A

Interstitial cells of the testes

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5
Q

What state is caused by the filling of erectile tissue with blood?

A

Erection

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6
Q

Which hormone is also called interstitial cell-stimulating hormone and stimulates the interstitial cells to secrete testosterone?

A

LH

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7
Q

Implantation of the trophoblast occurs within which organ?

A

Uterus

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8
Q

What structure consists of a midpiece, head, and flagellum?

A

Sperm

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9
Q

On what organ is the corpus luteum found?

A

Ovaries

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10
Q

IF implantation occurs within the fallopian tube, the pregnancy is best described as what?

A

Ectopic

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11
Q

Review the external genitalia for the male and the female

A

?

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12
Q

What is the target of FSH and LH?

A

Gonads (testes or ovaries)

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13
Q

Which hormone promotes the maturation of the egg and helps develop the female characteristics?

A

Estrogen

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14
Q

What is the primary secretion of the corpus luteum?

A

Progesterone

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15
Q

What is the midcycle event stimulated by a surge of LH?

A

Ovulation

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16
Q

What is the uterine lining called that is most responsive to the hormonal effects of estrogen and progesterone?

A

Endometrium

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17
Q

Which structure is the major producer of testosterone in the male?

A

Testes

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18
Q

What is the consequence of severing the vas deferens?

A

Sterility

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19
Q

What factors explain why the pregnant woman does not menstruate?

A

Implantation > produces HCG > keeps corpus luteum alive

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20
Q

What is in the “pill” that makes it contraceptive?

A

Estrogen and progesterone (increase in these hormones prohibit ovulation from happening)

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21
Q

Which structure is commonly called the bag of waters?

A

Amniotic sac

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22
Q

What is the outer extaembryonic membrane that forms finger-like projections called villi and helps form the placenta?

A

Chorion

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23
Q

What is a disc like structure where the fetal and maternal circulations meet (baby eats, excretes, and breathes at this site)?

A

Placenta

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24
Q

Which cream cheese-like substance is secreted by baby’s sebaceous glands and protects the skin from the amniotic fluid?

A

Vernix caseosa

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25
Q

What is the name of the fine downy hair that covers the fetus?

A

Lanugo

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26
Q

What is the name of the yellowish watery fluid secreted by the mammary glands immediately after delivery (baby is nourished on this until the mother’s milk comes in)

A

Colostrum

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27
Q

What factors are most related to fertilization?

A

?

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28
Q

What factors are most related to implantation?

A

?

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29
Q

What is the description of a zygote?

A

Fertilized ovum. 46 chromosomes

30
Q

To what structure is human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) most related?

A

trophoblasts (Level of hormones suppresses ovulation)

31
Q

A woman who is 38 weeks pregnant tells the nurse that the baby has dropped and she is having urinary frequency again. The nurse recognizes this as?

A

Lightening

32
Q

How to Braxton-Hicks contractions differ from labor contractions?

A

Irregular, do no dilate cervix

33
Q

How does the nurse differentiate true labor from false labor?

A

Contractions vary in length and intensity, stop with ambulation or position change, eventually stop.

34
Q

Why is the size of the true pelvis more important that the size of the false pelvis?

A

The fetal head must be able to pass through this section of the pelvis for vaginal delivery to occur

35
Q

Which part of the uterus provides the force during a contraction?

A

Upper section, thickened muscular

36
Q

What is the largest diameter of the fetal skull?

A

Bi parietal measurment

37
Q

The nurse teaches a group of primigravidas that during delivery, pressure on the fetal skull may produce changes in the shape of the skull called?

A

Molding

38
Q

Know the differences between fetal attitude, lie, presentation, position.

A

Attitude: the relationship of fetal body parts to one another
Lie: is the relationship of the cephalocaudal (head to butt) axis of the fetus to the cephalocaudal axis of the mother
Presentation: that part of the fetus (head, face, breech, or shoulders) that first enters the pelvis that will be in contact with the cervix
Position: the relationship of the presenting fetal part to a quadrant of the maternal pelvis

39
Q

Given a scenario regarding Leopold’s maneuvers, determine the fetal position.

A

butt is soft, head is hard, nodules are limps

40
Q

How frequently should the nurse monitor FHTs during the second stage of labor?

A

Every 5 minuets

41
Q

Know the descriptions of early, late, and variable decelerations and the meaning of each.

A

Early: caused by pressure on fetal skull
Late: caused by decreased oxygen and blood flow to fetus through the placenta
Variable: caused by compression on the umbilical cord

42
Q

Know appropriate nursing interventions for each stage of labor.

A

?

43
Q

When monitoring the fetal heart rate, the nurse recognizes indications that the FHR is nonreassuring. This indicates to the nurse that the fetus is experiencing fetal distress most likely related to?

A

Hypoxia

44
Q

Know characteristics of a reassuring fetal heart rate.

A

120-160 BPM

45
Q

What is the first thing a nurse should do when the patient’s membranes rupture?

A

Listen to fetal heart rate

46
Q

What immediate actions does the nurse take for a prolapsed umbilical cord?

A

Reposition mother (knees to chest)

47
Q

What is the nurse’s responsibilities as they relate to fetal monitoring?

A

For signs of distress and intervening.

48
Q

Why is exposure to German measles a problem in the first trimester of pregnancy?

A

Teratogen

49
Q

What protects the fetus most from bacterial infections?

A

Placental barrier

50
Q

Know how to use Nagele’s rule to determine the estimated date of birth

A

Subtract 3 months, add 7 days, add 1 year

51
Q

Know the presumptive, probable, and positive signs of pregnancy

A

Presumptive: amenorrhea, nausea and vomiting, frequent urination, breast changes, change in the shape of the abdomen, quickening, skin changes, Chadwick’s sign (Blue color to vagina or cervix)

Probable: Enlargement of the uterus, positive pregnancy test

Positive signs: Positive signs are those that occur only with pregnancy and are not present at any other time

52
Q

What is/are the cause/s of increased frequency of urination during early pregnancy?

A

Pressure of enlarging uterus

53
Q

What advice should the nurse give the pregnant woman about sexual activity during pregnancy?

A

Stop sexual activity if there is bleeding.

54
Q

Know how to determine GTPAL

A

G Gravida Pregnancies
T Term > 37 wks
P Preterm >20 wk-36 6/7 wk
A Abortion

55
Q

How long do maternal antibodies protect the baby after birth?

A

6 mo

56
Q

What are measures to relieve nausea during early pregnancy?

A

small frequent meals, high carb snacks. eat crackers before getting out of bed.

57
Q

During pregnancy an increase in circulating blood volume causes a reduction in what blood component?

A

Iron

58
Q

What nursing interventions are indicated for increased urinary frequency during late pregnancy?

A

Lie down on side, don’t limit fluids, keep hydrated

59
Q

Know the danger signals of pregnancy?

A

?

60
Q

What nursing intervention would be helpful for a patient at 32 weeks pregnancy who is having difficulty sleeping?

A

Drink warm milk before bed

61
Q

What are the dangers of smoking to a pregnant woman’s baby?

A

Smoking = small baby or low birth weight

62
Q

What is a test to determine fetal lung maturity called?

A

Amniocentesis/LS Ratio

63
Q

How should a woman modify her diet during pregnancy?

A

?

64
Q

KNow what is carried via umbilical veins and arteries.

A

2 arteries to placenta; 1 vein to baby

65
Q

During labor, the patient screams at her husband to get out of her sight. The nurse’s most appropriate action would be to do what?

A

Comfort husband, inform him this is a normal reaction and to not take it personal

66
Q

What does it mean for the baby to be engaged?

A

Movement of baby down into the pelvis

67
Q

Know the stages of labor

A

First Stage: Dilation
Second Stage: Delivery of the Fetus
Third Stage: Delivery of the Placenta
Fourth Stage: Stabilization

68
Q

Why is oxytocin administered after delivery of the placenta

A

contractions, prevents hemorrhaging

69
Q

Know how to determine an APGAR score

A

1-10 plus or minus 2 for each part

70
Q

What all can an amniocentesis determine?

A

Chromosomal abnormalities

Maternal Child (1 decks)

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