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Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Hormone regulates gamete production

A

FSH

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2
Q

Steroid of Amino Acid based

A

Hormones

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3
Q

Primary function is to control the rate of body metabolism and cellular oxidation

A

TH

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4
Q

Synthesizes insulin

A

Pancreas

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5
Q

Consists of adenohypophysis & neurohypopysis

A

Pituary Gland

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6
Q

Controlled by sympathetic nervous system/releases non-epi and epi

A

Adrenal Medulla

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7
Q

Regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex portion of the adrenal gland

A

ACTH

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8
Q

Breast development and maintains lactation after child birth

A

Prolactin

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9
Q

Hormone produces in the adrenal cortex that enables body to resist long term stress

A

Glucocorticoid

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10
Q

Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver due to…

A

Cortisol

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11
Q

All proteins or amino acid based hormones exert effects through..

A

Intracellular Second Messengers

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12
Q

An example of a hormone which releases via positive feedback control mechanism is..

A

Oxytocin

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13
Q

Consists of adenohypophysis(anterior) & neurohypopysis(posterior)

A

Pituary Gland

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14
Q

An example of a hormone which releases via positive feedback control mechanism is..

A

Oxytocin

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15
Q

Prolonged exposure to high hormone concentration causes..

A

Down-regulation

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16
Q

The neurohypophysis (posterior) is not a TRUE endocrine gland because..

A

It is a hormone storage area that receives hormones for release

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17
Q

The neurohypophysis (posterior) is not a TRUE endocrine gland because..

A

It is a hormone storage area that receives hormones for release from hypothalmus

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18
Q

The neurohypophysis (posterior) is not a TRUE endocrine gland because..

A

It is a hormone storage area that receives hormones for release from hypothalmus

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19
Q

Entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene is called

A

Steroid

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20
Q

Binding to specific receptors and employing services of G-proteins and cAMP is called

A

Second Messenger mechanism of hormone action

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21
Q

Diffuse easily into target cells…

A

Steriod and Thyroid Hormone

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22
Q

Thyroid Hormone is a small iodinated amine that:

A

enters the target cells

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23
Q

Growth Hormone targets..

A

Bone and skeletal muscles

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24
Q

Which organ responsible for synthesizing ANP

A

The heart

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25
Q

Minerocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to _________.

A

Cortisol

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26
Q

Regulator of electrolyte concentration in extracellular fluid..

A

Aldosterone

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27
Q

Name 3 second messengers..

A

Cyclic AMP, Cyclic GMP, and Inositol triphosphate

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28
Q

Name 3 second messengers..

A

Cyclic AMP, Cyclic GMP, and Inositol triphosphate

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29
Q

An amino acid derivative can be a ___.

A

hormone

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30
Q

When body requires increased levels of a hormone, the DNA target cells synthesize more receptors, this is called:

A

Up-regulation

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31
Q

Thyroid hormone affects what organ:

A

Liver lover

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32
Q

Does thyroxine require a second messenger?

33
Q

Does thyroxine require a second messenger?

34
Q

Glucocortocoids enable the body to deal with stress, how do they do this?

A

Increasing blood pressure…..blood glucose, fatty acid and amino acid levels!

35
Q

Glucocortocoids enable the body to deal with stress, how do they do this?

A

Increasing blood pressure…..blood glucose, fatty acid and amino acid levels!

36
Q

Ion sometimes used as second messenger of amino acid based hormones:

37
Q

Ion sometimes used as second messenger of amino acid based hormones:

38
Q

Catecholamines and peptide hormones bind to receptors on the surface of cells that compromise target organs. What does this binding cause?

A

Adenylate cyclase to generate cyclic AMP from ATP

39
Q

Catecholamines and peptide hormones bind to receptors on the surface of cells that compromise target organs. What does this binding cause?

A

Adenylate cyclase to generate cyclic AMP from ATP

40
Q

What is the test called to measure anemia?

A

Hematocrit

41
Q

Platelets are fragments of large ‘multi-nucleated’ cells know as:

A

Megakaryotes

42
Q

No observable cytoplasmic granules is called:

43
Q

No observable cytoplasmic granules is called:

44
Q

Insoluble compound that forms meshwork and is considered the structural basic of clot formation:

45
Q

Insoluble compound that forms meshwork and is considered the structural basic of clot formation:

46
Q

Another name for agglutinations? Agglutinations are proteins in the plasma.

A

Anti-bodies

47
Q

Another name for agglutinations? Agglutinations are proteins in the plasma.

A

Anti-bodies

48
Q

Leaukocytes move in and out of blood vessels to reach sites of inflammation, this is called:

A

Diapedesis

49
Q

Leaukocytes move in and out of blood vessels to reach sites of inflammation, this is called:

A

Diapedesis

50
Q

Nucleated cells that are formed in the bone marrow whose #’s avg 4k-11k per uL of blood

A

Leukocytes

51
Q

Nucleated cells that are formed in the bone marrow whose #’s avg 4k-11k per uL of blood

A

Leukocytes

52
Q

Mature, ‘Anucleate’ cells whose #’s avg 4.5 to 5 million per uL of blood:

A

Erythrocytes

53
Q

Nonliving fluid matrix portion of blood:

54
Q

Technical name for blood clot:

55
Q

What type of tissue is blood?

A

Connective tissue

56
Q

What type of tissue is blood?

A

Connective tissue

57
Q

Adult has an avg of how much blood?

58
Q

Least common blood type to Blacks and Asians…

59
Q

Process of blood clot formation…

A

Homeostasis

60
Q

Whole blood is composed of plasma and ______.

A

Formed Elements

61
Q

The largest of the leukocytes is called..

62
Q

The smallest leukocytes are called…

A

Lymphocytes

63
Q

Determine Hematocrit: Column height is 50mm to start. After spinning, bottom layer of tube is containing cells is 20mm/the top layer contains 30mm. What is the hematocrit value?

64
Q

Determine Hematocrit: Column height is 50mm to start. After spinning, bottom layer of tube is containing cells is 20mm/the top layer contains 30mm. What is the hematocrit value?

65
Q

What is the name for reduced hemoglobin? This is the form of hemoglobin that results after oxygen diffuses into the blood.

A

Oxyhemoglobin

66
Q

This Leucocyte is present in high amounts when a patient has a parasitic infection.

A

Neutrophil

67
Q

Hemoglobin measure within normal range is:

A

16 g/100 ml

68
Q

Do monocytes have granules?

69
Q

Erythrocyte development in order is:

A

Proerythroblast, Late erythroblast, normoblast, reticulocyte

70
Q

Erythrocyte development in order is:

A

Proerythroblast, Late erythroblast, normoblast, reticulocyte

71
Q

The slowest step in the clotting process is called:

A

Formation of prothrombin activator

72
Q

Lack of intrinsic factor, leading to deficiency of vitamin B12 and large pale cells called macrocytes, is a characteristic of:

A

Pernicious anmeia

73
Q

Sequence of clotting:

A

Formation of thromboplastin, prothrombin to thrombin, fibrinogen to fibrin, Clot retraction

74
Q

Explain AB positive blood:

A

No antibodies to A or to B. -or- to Rh antigens in the plasma.

75
Q

What is a precursor of a basophil?

A

Myeloblast

76
Q

What is a precursor of a basophil?

A

Myeloblast

77
Q

What causes the ‘sickling of red blood cells’ in people with sickle cell disease?

A

High altitude and vigorous exercise

78
Q

When will erythroblastosis fetalis not happen:

A

Rh negative mother and Rh negative father

BIO202 (4 decks)

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