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PNS > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 components of the CNS?

A

Brain

Spinal Cord

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2
Q

What are the 3 components of the PNS?

A

Cranial Nerves
Spinal Nerves
Ganglia

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3
Q

Nucleus vs Ganglia: Nuclei are located within the____

A

CNS

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4
Q

Nucleus vs Ganglia: Ganglia are located within the ____

A

PNS

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5
Q

What are the 3 Types of Neuron Morphology?

A

Multipolar
Bipolar
PseudoUnipolar?

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6
Q

Which is the most common Neuron? (multi, bi, pseudouni?)

A

Multipolar

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7
Q

Myelinated vs Unmyelinated Neurons

A

Myelinated have Schwann Cells wrapped around the axon

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8
Q

3 types of Connective Tissue coverings

A

Endoneurium
Perineurium
Epineurium

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9
Q

What does Endoneurium surround?

A

The neuronal fiber

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10
Q

What does Perineurium surround?

A

The fascicle (group of fibers)

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11
Q

What does the Epineurium surround?

A

Surrounds the entire nerve

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12
Q

Contents of the Neuron Cell Membrane (4)

A

Double layer of phospholipids
Receptors
Ion Channels
Proteins

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13
Q

Contents of Cell Nucleus (according to notes)

A

Chromosomes

Double layered phosopholipids with pores

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14
Q

What are Nissl Bodies?

A

Rough E.R.

Synthesizes Proteins

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15
Q

What are Golgi Bodies?

A

Several Layers used for Storage

Synthesizes Glycoproteins and Lysosomes

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16
Q

What are Mitochondria?

A

Rod Shaped, Double Layered Power House
Inner Membrane is folded
Used for Energy Production

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17
Q

What is considered part of the Cytoskeleton? (3)

A

Microtubules
Microfilaments
Microfibrils

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18
Q

Purpose of the Cytoskeleton

A

Forms frame of the Neuron

Helps in Transport

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19
Q

Processes/Portions of a Neuron (3)

A

Axon
Dendrite
Neuropil

20
Q

What is a Neuropil?

A

Field of axons, dendrites, and glial processes

21
Q

Which size Axon has faster conduction? (large/small)

A

Large Axons

22
Q

_______ fibers have faster conduction

A

Myelinated

23
Q

Motor Fibers- 2 Types

A

Alpha

Gamma

24
Q

What are neuroglia considered?

A

Supporting Cells

25
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Myelination within the CNS

26
Q

Astrocytes

A

Used for Mechanical and Metabolic Support
Used to respond to injury
Most Numerous Neuroglia

27
Q

2 Types of Astrocytes

A

Protoplasmic - Grey Matter

Fibrous- White Matter

28
Q

Ependymal Cells

A

PseudoStratified Ciliated Columnar
Line Ventricles
Produce CSF

29
Q

Microglia

A

Phagocytic

Nomadic, moving to where they’re needed

30
Q

Schwann Cells

A

Peripheral Myelination
Facilitates axon regrowth
Regulates neuron metabolism

31
Q

Satellite Cell

A

Flattened Schwann Cells

Analogous to Astrocytes- Metabolic support

32
Q

Myelination Defects

A

Multiple Sclerosis- CNS
Guillain-Barre Syndrome- PNS
Autoimmune, weakness, loss of reflex, numbness

33
Q

Gliomas

A

Tumors of the Neuroglial Cells:

34
Q

Astrocytomas- what is it and what % of tumors?

A

Tumor of Astrocytes- 23% of all brain tumors

35
Q

Oligodendrogliomas- what %?

A

3 % of all brain tumors

36
Q

What is a Dermatome?

A

Strip of skin innervated by a single Spinal Nerve

37
Q

What Spinal Nerve DOES NOT have a dermatome?

A

C1

38
Q

What is a myotome?

A

Motor Innervation by Spinal Nerve

39
Q

True or False? Dermatomes don’t share skin locations

A

False- Dermatome Overlap

40
Q

Sensory Receptor- What is it?

A

A cell that responds to a stimulus

Nerve Ending

41
Q

Receptive Field

A

Territory from which a sensory unit can be excited.

Innervated by 1 Neuron

42
Q

Receptive Field Size and Sensitivity

A

Smaller receptive field creates a need for more fields, which in turn increases the sensitivity.
Large receptive fields are less sensitive because they still only have ONE neuron.

43
Q

Sensory Transduction. What is it?

A

Transformation of a stimulus into an electrical signal.

44
Q

Which neurons carry discriminative touch and kinesthetic stimuli?

A

Type A Myelinated Axons

45
Q

What do Unmyelinated Type C Axons carry?

A

Pain, Touch, Temperature

PNS (1 decks)

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