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PNS > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Generally, where are the cell bodies of motor neurons located?

A

CNS (either in the brain stem or the spinal cord)

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2
Q

Generally, where are the cell bodies of sensory neurons located?

A

PNS (in the Dorsal Root Ganglion or the Cranial nerve Ganagion)

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3
Q

Where are the pre-gangionic sympathetic neurons located?

A

CNS (In the lateral horn of the gray matter of the spinal cord between T1-L2)

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4
Q

Where are the post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons located?

A

PNS (within the sympathetic chain - either the paravertebral or prevertebral chain).

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5
Q

What is the primary difference between nucli and ganglia?

A

Nucli are located in the CNS and Ganglia are located in the PNS

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6
Q

Is the Basial Ganglion located in the CNS or the PNS?

A

CNS - it is a group of motor nurons in the CNS but is named for how it developed embryolgically, which is why it is the big exception to the naming rule.

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7
Q

What are the shapes of neurons?

A

Psudounipolor
Bipolor
Multipolor

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8
Q

Which type of neuron is most common?

A

Multipolor

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9
Q

Where are psudounipolor neurons found?

A

In the PNS

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10
Q

What type of information is usually carried by bipolor neurons?

A

Sensory

Also act as internurons

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11
Q

What kind of information do psudounipolor neurons usually carry?

A

Sensory

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12
Q

How can you tell the difference between the axons and dendrites when looking at a slide?

A

The axons don’t pick up the stain color very well so they will be lighter. Dendrites are just extensions of the cell body so will stain the same as the cell body.

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13
Q

What are the 2 cells responsible for mylination?

A

Schwann Cells in the PNS

Oligodendrocyte in the CNS

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14
Q

What is the purpose of schwann cells?

A
  1. To hold a fiber in place

2. To provide lipid insulation to a fiber which will help increase the rate of signal transduction

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15
Q

True or False: All fibers in the PNS are associated with a Schwann Cell.

A

True.

Not all axons are mylinated but all fibers are held in place with schwann cells.

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16
Q

How many fibers does a single schwann cell interact with?

A

It depends on if the cell is mylinated or not. If it is mylinated then a schwann cell will wrap around one axon. If the fiber is not mylinated then a schwann cell can hold several fibers in place.

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17
Q

What is the puropose of the Node of Ranvier?

A

To act like a spark plug btwn schwann cells and speed up the rate of condution of that fiber.

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18
Q

What are the layers of connective tissue that are associated with a given nerve?

A

Endonerium - surround 1 individual fiber
Perineruim - surround a fasicle (a group of fibers)
Epineurium - surround a nerve (multiple fasciles + Fat + blood supply)

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19
Q

True or False: Receptors on the cell membrae of a neuron are fixed in a particular space of the phsopholipid bilayer.

A

False - they can move about. This is helpful when neurotransmitters are released. If the receptor and the transmitter can both move around the chances of them interacting are greatly increased.

20
Q

What allows signals to be passed from the nuclus to the rest of the neuron?

A

The nuclear pours

21
Q

How specifically can chrmosomes control the cell?

A

They reach though the nuclear pours to the Rough ER to control the production of Proteins

22
Q

What is the AKA for the Rough ER?

A

Nissl Body

23
Q

What makes the rough ER rough?

A

Ribosomes - this is also what makes the rough ER the site of protein production.

24
Q

After the proteins are made in the Rough ER, where do they go and how do they get there?

A

They travel on vesicles along cytoskelton “tracks” to the Golgi Apparatus

25
Q

What is the function of the golgi bodies?

A
  1. To store the proteins that the rough ER made
  2. To use the proteins to make things (such as lysomes, glycoprteins, etc)
  3. To package whatever it has made into vesicles to be released out of the cell
26
Q

What is the shape and function of the mitochondria?

A

Rod Shaped

Energy Production

27
Q

From largest to smallest, what are the components of the cytoskeleton?

A

Microtubles
Microfiliments
Microfibers

28
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeloton?

A
  1. It gives the cell shape
  2. It allows for transport
    - if the cell itself moves it uses the cytoskeloton to do so
    - it creates tracks for the vesicles
    - it anchors structures that should not move
29
Q

What are the process that extend off of the cell body?

A

Dendrites and Axon

30
Q

What is a neuropil?

A

A field of axons, dendrites, and glial processes

31
Q

What has a faster conduction speed, a larger or smaller diameter axon?

A

Larger diameter

32
Q

What type of neuorn are lower motor neurons?

A

alpha

33
Q

What type of neurons innervate intrafusal muscle fibers of muscle spindles?

A

gamma neurons

34
Q

What are preganglionic autonomic fibers classified as?

A

Type B fibers

35
Q

What are sensory fibers classified as?

A

Type A fibers

36
Q

What are postganglionic autonomic fibers classified as?

A

Type A fibers

37
Q

What are unmylinated fibers classified as?

A

Type C Fibers

38
Q

Which type of fibers carry afferent infromation from the muscle spinal primary endings?

A

A alpha (1a fibers)

39
Q

Which fibers are associated with free nerve endings?

A

A delta (or type III fibers)

40
Q

Which fibers are associated with the golgi tendon organ?

A

A Alpha (1b fibers)

41
Q

Which type of fiber is associated with encapslated receptors?

A

A Beta (or type II fibers)

42
Q

Which Types of fibers carry infromation of pain, temp, and touch?

A

Both 1a and C fibers

43
Q

What type of fiber is associated with stretch receptros?

A

Gamma

44
Q

What 2 main things happen when 1 neuron is damaged?

A

The peripheral side chain degenerates

proximal changes occur at the cell body

45
Q

There is a lesion on one cell at its axon

A

Lesion –> remaing distal fiber degenerates (Wallerian Degeneration) –> myelin debris is left behind –> cell body reoginizes for survival and a halo appears around the nuclus (chroatolysis) –> distally membrane closes off –> growth cones form (process looking for cues as to where the axon should run) if the myline derbies is still there it acts as a tube that can guide the growth cones and the cell will end up where it should.

PNS (1 decks)

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