exam 1 Flashcards
working definition
study of entities too small to be seen with the unadied human eye
golden age questions
causes fermentation
causes disease
how can we prevent infection and disease
Louis Pasteur
father of modern microbiology
pasteurization, fermentation
sugar fungus that makes beer
saccharomyces cerevisiae; yeast
what is the most important microbe found
yeast
triad of health
host - chiropractic
environment - public health
agent - allopathic
robert koch
etiology
anthrax
tuberculosis
first time bacterium was proven to cause disease
koch - anthrax
handwashing
semmelweis
antiseptic
lister
infection control, epidemiology
snow
smallpox vaccine, immunology
jenner
fever associated with handwashing
puerperal fever
cholera transmission in water - person
john snow
cowpox lesions prevented smallpox - person
jenner
spongiform ensephalopathy
eroding nervous tissue and leaving the brain full of sponge-like holes
processes of life (4)
growth, reproduction, responsiveness, metabolism
taxis
movement associated with responsiveness
list prokaryote characteristics
No nucleus circular DNA small, simple No organelles Bacteria and Archaea
list eukaryote characteristics
Have Nucleus Linear DNA Large, complex Have organelles Algae, protozoa, fungi, animals and plants
what is the gelatinous, sticky substance surrounding the outside cell; what is it composed of
glycocalyces; capsule - firmly attached to cell surface & prevent bacteria from being recognized; slime layer - loosely attached to cell surface & allows prokaryotes to attach to surface
what is responsible for moving a bacteria cell (taxis)
flagella
are flagella present on all bacteria
no
what is a sticky, bristlelike projection on bacteria
fimbriae
what serves an important infunction in biofilms
fimbriae
what allows bacteria to adhere to one another
fimbriae
what are known as conjugation pili
pili
what mediates the transfer of DNA from one cell to another (conjugation)
pili
what on bacteria provides structure, shape and protects from osmotic forces
cell wall
what is the bacterial cell wall made of
peptidoglycans
what are the two types of bacterial cell walls
gram (+) and gram (-)
how do you differentiate between gram (+) and gram (-)
the cell wall
which bacterial cell wall has a thick layer of peptidoglycans and teichoic acids
gram (+)
what do teichoic acids do
makes walls more rigid
gram (+) stain color
purple
what bacterial cell wall has a thin layer of peptidoglycans
gram (-)
which cell wall has a bilayer membrane composed of liposaccharides
gram (-)
where is Lipid A found
gram (-) cell walls
what is the function of Lipid A in gram (-)
triggers fever, vasodilation, inflammation, shock, blood clotting
gram (-) stain color
magenta
the 3 passive processes
diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis
the 3 active processes
active transport, group translocation (glucose)
what is it called when in a hypertonic solution, when water goes out of the cell and cell shrinks
crenation
definition of osmosis
the transport of water between cell membrane
where are nutrients stored in abundance
inclusions
what is the most enduring and resistent cell
endospore
which two organisms can produce endospores
genus bacillus and clostridium
main unit of prokaryote; then subunits
70S; 30S and 50S
main unit of eukaryote; two subunits
80S; 40S and 60S
exception of eukaryote ribosomes
in mitochondria and chloroplasts, it has 70S ribosomes too
what cells lack cell walls
animals and some protozoan
what cells have cell walls
fungi, algae, plants, and some protozoa
what is liquid imported into the cell
pinocytosis
what is solid imported into the cell
phagocytosis
