Exam 1

Question 1

What is the TMJ disk made out of?

Answer 1

Dense fibrous connective tissue

Question 2

What is the difference between cartilage found in normal joints of the body and that found in the TMJ?

Answer 2

• TMJ - fibrocartilage
• Rest of body’s joints - hyaline cartilage

Question 3

What are the referral patterns for the temporalis?

Answer 3

• Anterior temporalis - maxillary incisors
• Middle temporalis - maxillary premolars
• Posterior temporalis - maxillary molars

Question 4

What is the referral pattern for the masseter?

Answer 4

• Ear
• Lower molars
• Above eye

Question 5

What is the normal range of motion for protrusion?

Answer 5

8-10mm

Question 6

What is the normal range of motion for side-to-side or lateral?

Answer 6

10-12mm

Question 7

What is the normal range of motion for opening or vertical?

Answer 7

at least 40mm

Question 8

1.What’s the difference between myalgia and myofacial pain?

Answer 8

• Myalgia - localized muscle soreness
• Myofacial pain - refers from the tender point to a distant location

Question 9

1.What’s the difference between muscle splinting and spasm?

Answer 9

• Muscle splinting - the muscle tightens to protect joints or other muscles
• Spasm - Charlie horse, painful contraction

Question 10

T/F? The bite is the main cause of TMD problems.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

Do you need irreversible procedures or reversible procedures to solve TMD pain?

Answer 11

Reversible - not irreversible

Question 12

What are the major ligaments involved with the TMJ and what do they do?

Answer 12

• Sphenomandibular - runs from spine of sphenoid to the lingula of the mandible.
• Stylomandibular - thickening of the fibrous capsule of the parotid gland. Runs from the styloid process to the angle of the mandible.

Question 13

What is the nerve supply for sensory and motor for the jaw and face?

Answer 13

Trigeminal nerve CN V

Question 14

What is the specific cause of TMD?

Answer 14

There is no one specific cause but there are many contributing factors:

i. Predisposing factors
ii. Initiating factors
iii. Perpetuating factors

Question 15

What are the muscles of the face, and what are their functions?

Answer 15

• Masseter – closes jaw by elevating the mandible
• Temporalis – elevates the mandible and closes the jaw, posterior fibers retract the mandible
• Lateral Pterygoid – opens the mouth, acting bilaterally they protrude mandible, acting alternatively they produce grinding action
• Medial Pterygoid – elevates the mandible and closes the jaw, acting together they protrude the mandible, acting alone they protrude one side, alternatively they produce grinding action

Question 16

What is the epidemiology of TMD?

Answer 16

• 75% - has at aleast one sign of joint dysfunction
• 33% - have at least one symptom
• 5-7% - need treatment

Question 17

What’s the term for when a muscle that has undergone degenerative change that causes the contracted state to persist, can be hereditary?

Answer 17

Myofibrotic contracture

Question 18

What’s the term for when a muscle tighten to protect joints or other muscles, need to find the cause of the need to protect – muscle relaxants and rest

Answer 18

Protective splinting

Question 19

What is the term for when there is muscle soreness, that does not refer to distant site?

Answer 19

Myalgia

Question 20

What is the term for when a muscle had inflammation usually due to trauma/infection?

Answer 20

Myositis

Question 21

What is characteristic of myofacial pain?

Answer 21

It refers to a distant site

Question 22

What causes clicking and popping in the jaw?

Answer 22

Disc-condyle incoordination

Anterior disc displacement with reduction