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General Chemistry > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Elements

A

One atom type

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2
Q

Compounds

A

Made of 2 or more DIFFERENT elements chemically combined (H20, CL)

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3
Q

Molecule

A

Group of atoms or elements bonded together as a unit (H20, CO, O2)

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4
Q

1 Mg = 10 raised to…

A

6

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5
Q

1 Kg= 10 raised to

A

3

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6
Q

1 mg= 10 raised to

A

-3

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7
Q

1 microg= 10 raised to

A

-6

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8
Q

1 centi = 10 raised to

A

-2

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9
Q

Mass

A

Amount of matter in an object. Doesn’t change (dxv)

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10
Q

Weight

A

Gravitational force on the matter in an object

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11
Q

Density

A

Amount of matter in a given amount of space (m/v)

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12
Q

If ab object has less density does it go up or down?

A

Up (just like ice-cubes do on water)

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13
Q

Energy

A

The ability to do work or transfer heat

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14
Q

Potential energy

A

Stored energy (water at the top of waterfall)

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15
Q

Kinetic energy

A

energy in motion (water falling down)

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16
Q

Heat

A

energy that is transferred from hotter objects to cooler objects

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17
Q

Temperature

A

Average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules that make up an object.

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18
Q

Formula to get K from C

A

C+273

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19
Q

Formula to get C from K

A

K-273

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20
Q

Law of conservation of mass

A

During a chemical change, the matter is neither created nor destroyed.

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21
Q

Law of definite proportions

A

A compound always contains the same elements in certain definite proportions. (H20 is always 2 hydrogen molecules with 1 oxygen molecule)

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22
Q

Law of Multiple Proportions

A

Elements may combine in more than one set of proportions with each set corresponding to a different compound.

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23
Q

The atomic theory of matter

A
  • All matter is composed of atoms
  • All atoms of a given element are alike and differ from the atoms of any other element
  • Compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine in fixed proportions
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24
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element with different relative masses. (C-11, C-12). John Dalton’s atomic theory has been modified.
Not all elements are alike

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25
Q

Alessandro Volta

A

Electrochemical cell-battery

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26
Q

Humphry Davy

A

Used battery to produce Mg, Ca, Na, etc. to pass electricity thru molten (melted) salts.

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27
Q

Michael Faraday

A

Used battery and electrolytes apparatus to conduct electricity thru ionized solution.

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28
Q

Anode

A

Positive electrode

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29
Q

Cathode

A

Negative electrode

30
Q

Electrolyte

A

A compound that conducts electricity when molten or dissolved in water.

31
Q

Electrodes

A

Carbon rods or metallic strips that carry electrical current

32
Q

Ion

A

An atom or group of atoms with a charge

33
Q

Anion

A

Negative ion

34
Q

Cation

A

Positive ion

35
Q

Crooke

A

Invented Cathode Ray tubes to determine the charge to mass ratio of cathode rays

36
Q

Thompson

A

Discovered electrons

37
Q

Goldstern

A

Positive Particles

38
Q

Roentgen

A

Discovered X-Rays

39
Q

Becquerel

A

Discovered radioactivity

40
Q

Robert MIlikon

A

Determined the charge of an electron and therefore the mass of an electron (oil-drop experiment)

41
Q

Types of radioactivity

A

Alpha, Beta, Gamma

42
Q

Alpha mass and charge

A

4 and 2+

43
Q

Beta mass and charge

A

1/1837 and 1-

44
Q

Gamma mass and charge

A

0 and 0

45
Q

Rutherford Goil

A 
Foil Experiment (Placement of atom charges)
Used radioactive alpha particles. Positive charges occupies only tiny fraction of volume of an atom
negative charged electrons are outside the nucleus.
Electrons occupy almost all volume of an atom
46
Q

Subatomic Particles

A

Proton, neutron and electron

47
Q

Proton mass, charge and location

A

1, 1+ and nucleus

48
Q

Neutron mass, charge and location

A

1, 0 and nucleus

49
Q

Electron mass, charge and location

A

1/1837, 1- and outside the nucleus

50
Q

Atomic numbers

A

the number of protons in a nucleus

51
Q

Mass number

A

Sum of protons and neutrons in a nucleus

52
Q

Isotopes can have…

A

the same atomic number but have different mass numbers (= protons, different neutrons)

53
Q

neutral element

A

protons=#electrons

54
Q

How to get # of neutrons

A

Subtract atomic number (z, or protons) from mass number (A)

55
Q

How to get mass number?

A

Top number Z

56
Q

The Bohr Model

Flame tests

A

Different elements give different colors to a flame

57
Q

Continous spectra

A

when light emitted from a solid substance is passed thru a prism, it produces colors.

58
Q

Quantum

A

A tiny unit of energy produced or absorbed when an electron makes a transition from one energy level to another

59
Q

Ground state

A

When electrons are in the lowest energy state

60
Q

Excited State

A

when energy from a flame or other source is absorbed by the electrons they are promoted to a higher state

61
Q

Photon

A

When energy returns to a lower state, it emits a photon of energy which may be observed as light.

62
Q

Energy states or shells max

A

1—2
2–8
3–8
4–2

63
Q

Groups of periodic table

A

Vertical columns (families) have similar chemical properties. Have the same # of valence electrons

64
Q

Periods of periodic table

A

Horizontal rows. Range of properties from metallic to nonmetallic. Tells you how many shells are in that atom

65
Q

Valence electron

A

Electrons on the outermost shell
Group 1 has 1 valence electron
Group 2 has 2 valence electrons
Group 3 has 3 valence electrons

66
Q

Group 1 name

A

Alkaline metals

67
Q

Group 2 name

A

Alkaline earth metals

68
Q

Halogens

A

Group 7 A

69
Q

Noble Gas

A

Group 8A

70
Q

Metals

A

First 2 groups. Conduct heat & electricity, malleable & ductile

71
Q

Nonmetals

A

Dull luster, nonconductor, brittle in the solid state

72
Q

Metalloids

A

Demonstrate properties of both metals & nonmetals

General Chemistry (3 decks)

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