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Jazz > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Timbre is

A

The sound quality or tone quality of an instrument

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2
Q

The tune of the song happy birthday is a good example of

A

Melody

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3
Q

_______ is the simultaneous sounding of pitches

A

Harmony

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4
Q

A dissonant harmony is

A

an unstable harmony that creates tension and usually moves toward resolution

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5
Q

Timbre variation can be produced by

A

a change of instruments.

the use of mutes.

musicians who can change the sounds of their voices.

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6
Q

Which are the most common brass instruments in jazz?

A

trumpet, cornet, trombone, flugelhorn

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7
Q

What are the most common reed instruments in jazz?

A

Clarinet and Saxophone

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8
Q

Rhythm section in jazz?

A

Drums, piano, bass, guitar

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9
Q

The musical element of dynamics refers to

A

loudness or volume of music

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10
Q

The speed of the music’s pulse is determined by

A

tempo

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11
Q

A measure or bar is?

A

A group or cycle of pulses

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12
Q

The grouping of pulses (beats) into patterns of two, three, or more per bar is known as

A

meter

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13
Q

The simultaneous use of contrasting rhythms is known as

A

Rhythmic contrast, polyrhythm

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14
Q

What do jazz musicians mean by “swing”?

A

a repeated two-note rhythm that divides the beat with the first note held longer than the second

a “groove” that all the musicians feel together as they play

an important jazz characteristic attributed to Louis Armstrong

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15
Q

Which is an octave?

A

The interval from one pitch to the pitch above that has double the frequency.
The interval on a piano from any key to the next key, above or below, of the same letter name.

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16
Q

The blues scale is

A

one of the most important scales in jazz.

an avenue into an African American cultural world.

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17
Q

Which big band leader mentioned in this chapter is connected with riffs?

A

Count Basie

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18
Q

A harmony consisting of three or more different pitches is called a ______.

A

chord

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19
Q

When two melodies are played at the same time, the texture is ______.

A

polyphonic

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20
Q

The section known as the chorus is

A

A section in which improvised solos occur

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21
Q

Which refers to the organization of the chorus within a piece of music?

A

form

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22
Q

Sections within the chorus are usually represented

A

like basic melodies, with letters such as A, B, and C

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23
Q

A pattern of chord changes is called?

A

Chord progression

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24
Q

In twelve-bar blues form

A

Chord progression is same, each 12 bar blues is a chorus

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25
Q

What pattern of chord changes below is used in the twelve-bar blues form?

A

I I I I IV IV I I V V I I

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26
Q

Popular (pop) song form is in

A

A A B A form.

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27
Q

The first chorus is known as?

A

The head

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28
Q

The contrasting b section is known as?

A

The Bridge

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29
Q

Some songs become popular over the years among jazz musicians because of their improvisational possibilities. These are called ______.

A

Standards

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30
Q

What is comping?

A

The keyboard player accompanies a soloist by playing the chord changes

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31
Q

Who drops bombs?

A

Drummer

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32
Q

A B A C is also known as?

A

A A form

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33
Q

Improvising by selecting notes from a scale is?

A

modal improvisation.

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34
Q

Big bands?

A

usually have fifteen to twenty-five members.

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35
Q

Which is usually true about jam sessions?

A

The form consists of only the head, followed by as many choruses as wanted by the performers.

They are informal, whether performed in a private or public setting.

They are performed by small combos.

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36
Q

African American music is characterized by

A

polyrhythm within short, repeating rhythmic cycles.

call and response.

blues notes.

timbre variation.

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37
Q

Jazz is

A

an art form.

folk music.

popular music.

music that comes to us through the African American experience

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38
Q

In the folk tradition, ballads were songs that

A

told a story often of local history

39
Q

Field hollers and work songs

A

expressed the loneliness and hardship of African Americans

contributed to the music that became known as the blues.

40
Q

The ______ was an ensemble from an African American college that performed spirituals before the general public as early as 1871.

A

Fisk Jubilee Singers

41
Q

A bottleneck guitar

A

is played by pressing down on the strings with a glass slide placed over a finger.

is often noisy, with other strings as well as the one played sounding.

allows the player to bend notes and slide from one note to another.

42
Q

The African instrument especially important to early jazz is the ______.

A

banjo

43
Q

The minstrel show

A

was established shortly before the beginning of the Civil War.

allowed African American musicians to earn money performing for white audiences.

reinforced many degrading stereotypes of African Americans.

a and c

Correct Response
all of the above

44
Q

Which is true about ragtime?

A

Its ragged polyrhythmic syncopation contributed to jazz.

Some considered it to be a piano style.

It was influenced by African American dance.

45
Q

Which is true about early American brass bands?

A

They were common in African American as well as white communities.

46
Q

John Philip Sousa

A

invented the sousaphone in the late 1800s

toured with his own band for forty years.

47
Q

______ helped white people to become comfortable with ragtime syncopations, and to begin the long process of adapting black dances as their own.

A

cake walk

48
Q

Best known composer of ragtime?

A

scott joplin

49
Q

African American dances included

A

the shimmie shake.

the Charleston.

cakewalk dances.

50
Q

______ is the basic march form later adopted by ragtime.

A

A A B B C C D D

51
Q

The popularity of the trumpet (cornet), clarinet, and trombone in jazz was due mostly to the influence of

A

brass bands

52
Q

Collective improvisation is

A

when several wind instruments improvise their parts at once.

a highly unusual polyphonic texture.

typical in New Orleans jazz.

a and c only

Correct Response
all of the above

53
Q

In New Orleans–style jazz,

A

the trumpet plays the melody.

the clarinet plays the countermelody above and around the cornet.

the trombone plays below the cornet, executing glissandos (smears).

the multistrain form of ragtime is primarily used.

Correct Response
all of the above

54
Q

Creoles were

A

a racially mixed people of color.

also referred to as African Americans.

a free people of color.

Correct Answer
a and c only

all of the above

55
Q

Creoles contributed to jazz by

A

introducing music of the Caribbean.

bringing with them their schooling, which included written music.

Incorrect Response
helping to create a mixture of European and African traditions.

a and c only

Correct Answer
all of the above

56
Q

Jelly Roll Morton

A

played ragtime and stomp music

57
Q

Joe “King” Oliver

A

played the cornet.

knew Louis Armstrong.

started in New Orleans, and then moved to Chicago

58
Q

sidney bechet

A

first great jazz soloist

59
Q

The impact of Storyville on early jazz may have been overstated in the past. However, it did allow fo

A

jazz musicians, particularly African Americans, to be more daring in their music.

many musicians to play in cabarets located within “The District.”

the adoption of rhythmic blues as a central part of the repertory

60
Q

When did Louisiana and other southern states adopt the so-called Jim Crow laws

A

1894

61
Q

Who is generally acknowledged as the first important musician in jazz?

A

buddy bolden

62
Q

Which of the following instruments constitute the frontline of a New Orleans jazz band?

A

trumpet (cornet), trombone, and clarinet

63
Q

Block-chord texture occurs

A

when all parts move together, with the trumpet usually playing the melody.

64
Q

______ is when all the musicians in the band suddenly stop playing, except for one who takes a two-bar solo before the others join in again.

A

a break

65
Q

What was the primary reason blacks migrated to the North?

A

In the South, they were subjected to poor and inhumane treatment.

Storyville closed.

The North offered better paying jobs.

Correct Answer
a and c only

66
Q

Freddie Keppard is important to jazz history because he

A

helped bring the New Orleans style jazz to the rest of the country

67
Q

The use of mutes for timbre variation was first promoted by

A

joe king oliver

68
Q

______ established saxophones as part of a jazz band.

A

art hickman

69
Q

The first ballroom dance orchestra was formed by

A

paul whiteman

70
Q

George Gershwin composed?

A

Rhapsody in Blue

71
Q

Rhapsody in Blue premiered in 1924, with

A

Paul Whiteman’s Orchestra

72
Q

Paul Whiteman hired ______ to be the full-time featured vocalist with his orchestra.

A

Bing Crosby

73
Q

Louis Armstrong left Chicago for New York in 1924 to play in the orchestra/big band of

A

Fletcher Henderson

74
Q

The Charleston beat dance rhythm

A

consists of two emphatic beats and one rest

75
Q

Which of the following is a musical characteristic of Fletcher Henderson’s big band style?

A

Call and response…written out sections

76
Q

Which is true regarding the significance of New York to jazz?

A

Stride style established..harlem

77
Q

Which great saxophonist played with Fletcher Henderson?

A

coleman hawkings

78
Q

One of Fletcher Henderson innovation’s was to

A

compose polyphony, rather than have players improvise their parts.

79
Q

Which arranger helped to shape big band instrumentation into four interactive sections?

A

Don Redman

80
Q

Which best describes the rhythm section of a big band, as established in 1920s New York?

A

Drums bass guitar piano

81
Q

Tin Pan Alley was

A

a street where songwriters could preview their songs for the public.

82
Q

In stride style,

A

the left hand first plays a low bass note, and then a chord below middle C

83
Q

For approximately how many years did Duke Ellington remain active in jazz and continue to influence its development?

A

Fifty

84
Q

Louis Armstrong changed the way jazz musicians improvised by

A

establishing jazz as an art form that valued personal expression.

85
Q

Another impact Armstrong had on jazz was

A

the use of the blues scale and blues feelin

86
Q

How did Louis Armstrong establish a true jazz vocal style?

A

by popularizing scat singing

by exhibiting a beautiful mellow voice quality

by using fast reflexes and imagination

Correct Answer
a and c only

87
Q

Louis Armstrong increased the repertory of jazz by

A

improvising on popular songs.

88
Q

The Hot Five and Hot Seven were bands in

A

Chicago

89
Q

Other than Louis Armstrong, which musicians made up the original Hot Five?

A

Lil Hardin, Kid Ory, Johnny St. Cyr, and Johnny Dodds

90
Q

Where did boogie-woogie emerge?

A

Midwest

91
Q

bix biderbeck

A

inclfuend by louis armstrong

92
Q

Coleman hawkins masterpiece?

A

body and soul tenor sax

93
Q

a front man is?

A

A nominal featured soloist

94
Q

Louis Armstrong’s All Stars was

A

the last band Armstrong played with.made up of many of Armstrong’s old friends, including Jack Teagarden

Jazz (1 decks)

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