Exam 1 Flashcards
Timbre is
The sound quality or tone quality of an instrument
The tune of the song happy birthday is a good example of
Melody
_______ is the simultaneous sounding of pitches
Harmony
A dissonant harmony is
an unstable harmony that creates tension and usually moves toward resolution
Timbre variation can be produced by
a change of instruments.
the use of mutes.
musicians who can change the sounds of their voices.
Which are the most common brass instruments in jazz?
trumpet, cornet, trombone, flugelhorn
What are the most common reed instruments in jazz?
Clarinet and Saxophone
Rhythm section in jazz?
Drums, piano, bass, guitar
The musical element of dynamics refers to
loudness or volume of music
The speed of the music’s pulse is determined by
tempo
A measure or bar is?
A group or cycle of pulses
The grouping of pulses (beats) into patterns of two, three, or more per bar is known as
meter
The simultaneous use of contrasting rhythms is known as
Rhythmic contrast, polyrhythm
What do jazz musicians mean by “swing”?
a repeated two-note rhythm that divides the beat with the first note held longer than the second
a “groove” that all the musicians feel together as they play
an important jazz characteristic attributed to Louis Armstrong
Which is an octave?
The interval from one pitch to the pitch above that has double the frequency.
The interval on a piano from any key to the next key, above or below, of the same letter name.
The blues scale is
one of the most important scales in jazz.
an avenue into an African American cultural world.
Which big band leader mentioned in this chapter is connected with riffs?
Count Basie
A harmony consisting of three or more different pitches is called a ______.
chord
When two melodies are played at the same time, the texture is ______.
polyphonic
The section known as the chorus is
A section in which improvised solos occur
Which refers to the organization of the chorus within a piece of music?
form
Sections within the chorus are usually represented
like basic melodies, with letters such as A, B, and C
A pattern of chord changes is called?
Chord progression
In twelve-bar blues form
Chord progression is same, each 12 bar blues is a chorus
What pattern of chord changes below is used in the twelve-bar blues form?
I I I I IV IV I I V V I I
Popular (pop) song form is in
A A B A form.
The first chorus is known as?
The head
The contrasting b section is known as?
The Bridge
Some songs become popular over the years among jazz musicians because of their improvisational possibilities. These are called ______.
Standards
What is comping?
The keyboard player accompanies a soloist by playing the chord changes
Who drops bombs?
Drummer
A B A C is also known as?
A A form
Improvising by selecting notes from a scale is?
modal improvisation.
Big bands?
usually have fifteen to twenty-five members.
Which is usually true about jam sessions?
The form consists of only the head, followed by as many choruses as wanted by the performers.
They are informal, whether performed in a private or public setting.
They are performed by small combos.
African American music is characterized by
polyrhythm within short, repeating rhythmic cycles.
call and response.
blues notes.
timbre variation.
Jazz is
an art form.
folk music.
popular music.
music that comes to us through the African American experience
In the folk tradition, ballads were songs that
told a story often of local history
Field hollers and work songs
expressed the loneliness and hardship of African Americans
contributed to the music that became known as the blues.
The ______ was an ensemble from an African American college that performed spirituals before the general public as early as 1871.
Fisk Jubilee Singers
A bottleneck guitar
is played by pressing down on the strings with a glass slide placed over a finger.
is often noisy, with other strings as well as the one played sounding.
allows the player to bend notes and slide from one note to another.
The African instrument especially important to early jazz is the ______.
banjo
The minstrel show
was established shortly before the beginning of the Civil War.
allowed African American musicians to earn money performing for white audiences.
reinforced many degrading stereotypes of African Americans.
a and c
Correct Response
all of the above
Which is true about ragtime?
Its ragged polyrhythmic syncopation contributed to jazz.
Some considered it to be a piano style.
It was influenced by African American dance.
Which is true about early American brass bands?
They were common in African American as well as white communities.
John Philip Sousa
invented the sousaphone in the late 1800s
toured with his own band for forty years.
______ helped white people to become comfortable with ragtime syncopations, and to begin the long process of adapting black dances as their own.
cake walk
Best known composer of ragtime?
scott joplin
African American dances included
the shimmie shake.
the Charleston.
cakewalk dances.
______ is the basic march form later adopted by ragtime.
A A B B C C D D
The popularity of the trumpet (cornet), clarinet, and trombone in jazz was due mostly to the influence of
brass bands
Collective improvisation is
when several wind instruments improvise their parts at once.
a highly unusual polyphonic texture.
typical in New Orleans jazz.
a and c only
Correct Response
all of the above
In New Orleans–style jazz,
the trumpet plays the melody.
the clarinet plays the countermelody above and around the cornet.
the trombone plays below the cornet, executing glissandos (smears).
the multistrain form of ragtime is primarily used.
Correct Response
all of the above
Creoles were
a racially mixed people of color.
also referred to as African Americans.
a free people of color.
Correct Answer
a and c only
all of the above
Creoles contributed to jazz by
introducing music of the Caribbean.
bringing with them their schooling, which included written music.
Incorrect Response
helping to create a mixture of European and African traditions.
a and c only
Correct Answer
all of the above
Jelly Roll Morton
played ragtime and stomp music
Joe “King” Oliver
played the cornet.
knew Louis Armstrong.
started in New Orleans, and then moved to Chicago
sidney bechet
first great jazz soloist
The impact of Storyville on early jazz may have been overstated in the past. However, it did allow fo
jazz musicians, particularly African Americans, to be more daring in their music.
many musicians to play in cabarets located within “The District.”
the adoption of rhythmic blues as a central part of the repertory
When did Louisiana and other southern states adopt the so-called Jim Crow laws
1894
Who is generally acknowledged as the first important musician in jazz?
buddy bolden
Which of the following instruments constitute the frontline of a New Orleans jazz band?
trumpet (cornet), trombone, and clarinet
Block-chord texture occurs
when all parts move together, with the trumpet usually playing the melody.
______ is when all the musicians in the band suddenly stop playing, except for one who takes a two-bar solo before the others join in again.
a break
What was the primary reason blacks migrated to the North?
In the South, they were subjected to poor and inhumane treatment.
Storyville closed.
The North offered better paying jobs.
Correct Answer
a and c only
Freddie Keppard is important to jazz history because he
helped bring the New Orleans style jazz to the rest of the country
The use of mutes for timbre variation was first promoted by
joe king oliver
______ established saxophones as part of a jazz band.
art hickman
The first ballroom dance orchestra was formed by
paul whiteman
George Gershwin composed?
Rhapsody in Blue
Rhapsody in Blue premiered in 1924, with
Paul Whiteman’s Orchestra
Paul Whiteman hired ______ to be the full-time featured vocalist with his orchestra.
Bing Crosby
Louis Armstrong left Chicago for New York in 1924 to play in the orchestra/big band of
Fletcher Henderson
The Charleston beat dance rhythm
consists of two emphatic beats and one rest
Which of the following is a musical characteristic of Fletcher Henderson’s big band style?
Call and response…written out sections
Which is true regarding the significance of New York to jazz?
Stride style established..harlem
Which great saxophonist played with Fletcher Henderson?
coleman hawkings
One of Fletcher Henderson innovation’s was to
compose polyphony, rather than have players improvise their parts.
Which arranger helped to shape big band instrumentation into four interactive sections?
Don Redman
Which best describes the rhythm section of a big band, as established in 1920s New York?
Drums bass guitar piano
Tin Pan Alley was
a street where songwriters could preview their songs for the public.
In stride style,
the left hand first plays a low bass note, and then a chord below middle C
For approximately how many years did Duke Ellington remain active in jazz and continue to influence its development?
Fifty
Louis Armstrong changed the way jazz musicians improvised by
establishing jazz as an art form that valued personal expression.
Another impact Armstrong had on jazz was
the use of the blues scale and blues feelin
How did Louis Armstrong establish a true jazz vocal style?
by popularizing scat singing
by exhibiting a beautiful mellow voice quality
by using fast reflexes and imagination
Correct Answer
a and c only
Louis Armstrong increased the repertory of jazz by
improvising on popular songs.
The Hot Five and Hot Seven were bands in
Chicago
Other than Louis Armstrong, which musicians made up the original Hot Five?
Lil Hardin, Kid Ory, Johnny St. Cyr, and Johnny Dodds
Where did boogie-woogie emerge?
Midwest
bix biderbeck
inclfuend by louis armstrong
Coleman hawkins masterpiece?
body and soul tenor sax
a front man is?
A nominal featured soloist
Louis Armstrong’s All Stars was
the last band Armstrong played with.made up of many of Armstrong’s old friends, including Jack Teagarden
