Exam 1 Flashcards
James Hutton developed what doctrine?
Doctrine of uniformitarianism
In 18th century
Which is all chemical and physical laws that operate today were also operating in geological past
What is the doctrine of catastrophism
All land forms on earth were produced by catastrophic events
List the stages of the nebular hypothesis
Stage 1 contraction of nebula Stage 2 rotation and flattening of nebula Stage 3 formation of planetary rings A) inner rings - rocky to metallic B) outer rings - gaseous Stage 4 accretion of the planetary rings
Explain Stanley millers experiment of 1953
He recreated an early atmosphere add electricity and created amino acids (proteins necessary for DNA)
Two sources of energy for natural disasters?
Internal and external energy
List the internal energies
What is the external energy?
Impact energy
Gravitational energy
Radioactive energy
External energy comes solar radiation
The lithosphere contains
Oceanic crust( composed of basalt)and continental crust (similar to granite)
Describe at asthenosphere
It is hot, weak , mobile
What makes something a mineral
It has to naturally occurring
Inorganic (can’t be a product of living things)
Solid
Specific chemical composition
Crystalline structure
List the main rock types
Sedimentary
Metamorphic- alteration of other rocks by high temps and pressures
Igneous (basalt and granite are common igneous rocks)
What is relative dating
Determining the age of rock relative to other rocks
What is absolute dating
It is radiometric dating
(Unstable parent decays to produce daughter product ) half life
Continental margins are
At the edges of all ocean basins and can contain
A) wide and shallow continental shelves
B) narrow and deep oceanic trenches
List the plate tectonic boundaries
Divergent boundaries- moving away from each other
Convergent boundaries- moving toward one another (oceanic crust is destroyed)
Transform boundaries- plates sliding past each other
What drives the asthenosphere to move lithosphere
Convection (heat rising and cold dropping)
Alfred Wagner is credited for what hypothesis?
Continental drift (not a real thing) Believed there was one super continent PANGEA
What was wegners evidence for continental drift?
Fit of continents
Fossil evidence
Ancient paleo climates
Correlation of rock structures
What is curie point?
The temperature at which a rock becomes magnetized
List the stages for plume arrivals
These are for MOR
Stage 1 doming
Stage 2 rifting above dome and basalt volcanism
Stage 3 creation of small linear sea
Stage 4 creation of MOR
List three variations of convergent boundaries
1) oceanic- oceanic ex Japan, island arcs, Indonesia, Philippines
2) oceanic- continental ex Andes mtns, cascade mtns volcanic arcs
3) continental-continental ex Himalayan and Appalachian and alps
What is atmospheric heating?
A fundament principle where sun rays that are closer to the poles are oblique Rays (not direct) and the equator get direct sun light
Coriolis effect is
Tend to bend to the right on norther hemisphere and left in the Southern Hemisphere
Global wind patterns
Air rises it expands and cools producing overcast and rainy conditions
Air descends it compresses and warms producing clear skies and dry conditions
Name the cells of convention
Hadley
Ferrel
Polar
Doldrums is
Low pressure belt (around the equator) No air (dead)
Horse latitude is
No wind belt with high pressure
There are two 30 degrees from equator
Air masses
cP- cold and dry
mP- cold and wet
cT- hot and dry
mT- hot wet
Jet stream
High (30k-40k) fast moving air
Me the types of weather fronts
Cold fronts
Warm
Occluded fronts
Name the stages of the evolution of a thunderstorm
Early stage- clouds build, actively rising cumulus cloud (no rain)
Mature stage- it has both updraft and downdraft. Moisture becomes heavy and falls (heavy precipitation)
Dissipating stage- end of storm light rain falls (downdraft)
Ingredients for a tornado
cP air
mT air
Jet stream
They developed from supercell storms
Equivalent storms to hurricanes
Typhoons- western pacific
Cyclones- Indian oceans
Evolution of storms starts with
Tropical depressions 23 mph
Tropical storms 40 mph
Hurricane 74 mph
Hurricanes are low pressure systems
That rotate
Counter clockwise in northern hemisphere
Clockwise in souther hemisphere
Eye Of the storm is
Hi pressure
Hurricanes cause damage from
Wind damage
Flooding
Storm surge
