Exam #1 Flashcards
Quadriplegia
Paralysis of all four limbs
Quadriparesis
Weakness of all four limbs
Paraplegia
is an impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities
Hemiparesis
is weakness of the entire left or right side of the body
Diplopia
commonly known as double vision, is the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object that may be displaced horizontally, vertically, diagonally
Dysphagia
is the medical term for the symptom of difficulty in swallowing
Expressive Aphasia
is characterized by the loss of the ability to produce language
Receptive Aphasia
People with receptive aphasia are unable to understand language in its written or spoken form
Glasgow coma scale
neurological scale that aims to give a reliable, objective way of recording the conscious state of a person
the resulting points give a patient a score between 3 (indicating deep unconsciousness) and 14 (normal)
Eye/Verbal/Motor
CT Scan/ nursing considerations
No metal No drinking/eating Recent illness Allergies to dye/shellfish Pregnancy
Lumbar Puncture Nursing Interventions
Signed consent Empty bladder Lateral recumbent position Lay flat for 4-24hrs Encourage fluids Headache- NSAIDs
MRI nursing considerations
No metal or pacemaker
Admin analgesic/ sedative
Relaxation
Increased Intracranial Pressure
⬆️ in brain/blood/CSF 1) Brain trauma 2) Brain tumor 3)Intracranial hemorrhage S/S Restlessness, irritability, ⬇️ in LOC, Hyperventilation, pupil changes, cushing's response.
Cushing’s Response
⬆️BP
⬇️Pulse
Kernigs sign
Pain in back when moving leg
Brudzinskis sign
Pain in back when moving neck
Meningitis s/s
Sever headache Very high fever Photophobia Can't move neck Petechial rash N/V
Meningitis meds/interventions
Antibiotics Antipyretics (fever) Cooling blanket Dark, quiet environment Analgesics (codeine) Corticosteroids Antiemetics (N/V) Isolation if contagious.
Tension headache vs. migraine
Tension- normal
Migraine- vasoconstriction in brain
Tonic/clonic seizures
Loosen clothing
Check time
Turn on side
Administer Diastat
Aura
An aura is often the first sign that you are going to have a seizure. Visualize something Hear something Smell something Feel different
postictal seizure
Recovery phase.
Non-responsive
May appear drunk
Diabetes Insipidus
the kidneys are unable to prevent the excretion of water
Spinal shock
ABC’s
Don’t move right away.
Support head and neck.
C5 injury
Person can raise his or her arms and bend elbows.
Likely to have some or total paralysis of wrists, hands, trunk and legs
Can speak and use diaphragm, but breathing will be weakened
Will need assistance with most activities of daily living, but once in a power wheelchair, can move from one place to another independently
Halo Vest
halo-vest is a brace that is used to immobilize and protect the cervical spine and neck after surgery or accident. The halo is a ring that surrounds the head and is attached by pins to the outer portion of the skull.
Parkinson’s
Drooling Constipation Drooling Dysphasia Short, shuffling steps Pin-rolling tremor
TIA
Mini stroke
FAST
Face. Ask the person to smile. Does one side of the face droop?
Arms. Ask the person to raise both arms. Does one arm drift downward? Or is one arm unable to raise up?
Speech. Ask the person to repeat a simple phrase. Is his or her speech slurred or strange?
Time. If you observe any of these signs, call 911 immediately.
Thrombotic stroke
A thrombotic stroke occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms in one of the arteries that supply blood to your brain
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
In a subarachnoid hemorrhage, an artery on or near the surface of your brain bursts and spills into the space between the surface of your brain and your skull. This bleeding is often signaled by a sudden, severe headache.
Aneurysm
is a localized, blood-filled balloon-like bulge in the wall of a blood vessel
Goals for an intracranial hemorrhage
ABC’s
Exacerbation period in MS
Also known as flare up or relapse.
New symptoms or worsening of old symptoms.
Tensilon Test
The Tensilon test uses the drug Tensilon to diagnose myasthenia gravis. A patient has myasthenia gravis if his or her muscles get stronger after being injected with Tensilon.
Myasthenia Gravis
No muscle contraction.
Conserve energy
Avoid Infection
Support groups
Emergency ALS
ABCs
Pain control
Prevention of infection
Guillain Barre Syndrome
is a rare disorder in which your body’s immune system attacks your nerves. Weakness and tingling in your extremities are usually the first symptoms. Progression of paralysis.
Usually happens after viral infection.
Either top to bottom or bottom to top. Medical emergency.
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Chronic pain/tingling in face.
Anticonvulsants
Bells Palsy
Effects facial nerve.
Dropping or paralysis of one side of the face.
Thymectomy for MG
Relieve symptoms.
Craniotomy
Cut open cranium. V/S Neuro checks Corticosteroids Anticonvulsants Pain control
Vision and CVA
Effects same side of brain effected.
Opposite side of body effected.
Take into consideration when performing ADLs.
