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Medical Surgical > Exam #1 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Paralysis of all four limbs

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1
Q

Quadriparesis

A

Weakness of all four limbs

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2
Q

Paraplegia

A

is an impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities

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3
Q

Hemiparesis

A

is weakness of the entire left or right side of the body

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4
Q

Diplopia

A

commonly known as double vision, is the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object that may be displaced horizontally, vertically, diagonally

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5
Q

Dysphagia

A

is the medical term for the symptom of difficulty in swallowing

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6
Q

Expressive Aphasia

A

is characterized by the loss of the ability to produce language

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7
Q

Receptive Aphasia

A

People with receptive aphasia are unable to understand language in its written or spoken form

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8
Q

Glasgow coma scale

A

neurological scale that aims to give a reliable, objective way of recording the conscious state of a person

the resulting points give a patient a score between 3 (indicating deep unconsciousness) and 14 (normal)
Eye/Verbal/Motor

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9
Q

CT Scan/ nursing considerations

A 
No metal
No drinking/eating
Recent illness
Allergies to dye/shellfish
Pregnancy
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10
Q

Lumbar Puncture Nursing Interventions

A 
Signed consent 
Empty bladder
Lateral recumbent position
Lay flat for 4-24hrs
Encourage fluids
Headache- NSAIDs
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11
Q

MRI nursing considerations

A

No metal or pacemaker
Admin analgesic/ sedative
Relaxation

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12
Q

Increased Intracranial Pressure

A 
⬆️ in brain/blood/CSF
1) Brain trauma 
2) Brain tumor
3)Intracranial hemorrhage
S/S
Restlessness, irritability, ⬇️ in LOC, Hyperventilation, pupil changes, cushing's response.
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13
Q

Cushing’s Response

A

⬆️BP

⬇️Pulse

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14
Q

Kernigs sign

A

Pain in back when moving leg

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15
Q

Brudzinskis sign

A

Pain in back when moving neck

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16
Q

Meningitis s/s

A 
Sever headache 
Very high fever
Photophobia
Can't move neck
Petechial rash
N/V
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17
Q

Meningitis meds/interventions

A 
Antibiotics 
Antipyretics (fever)
Cooling blanket
Dark, quiet environment 
Analgesics (codeine)
Corticosteroids
Antiemetics (N/V) 
Isolation if contagious.
18
Q

Tension headache vs. migraine

A

Tension- normal

Migraine- vasoconstriction in brain

19
Q

Tonic/clonic seizures

A

Loosen clothing
Check time
Turn on side
Administer Diastat

20
Q

Aura

A 
An aura is often the first sign that you are going to have a seizure. 
Visualize something 
Hear something 
Smell something 
Feel different
21
Q

postictal seizure

A

Recovery phase.
Non-responsive
May appear drunk

22
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

the kidneys are unable to prevent the excretion of water

23
Q

Spinal shock

A

ABC’s
Don’t move right away.
Support head and neck.

24
Q

C5 injury

A

Person can raise his or her arms and bend elbows.
Likely to have some or total paralysis of wrists, hands, trunk and legs
Can speak and use diaphragm, but breathing will be weakened
Will need assistance with most activities of daily living, but once in a power wheelchair, can move from one place to another independently

25
Q

Halo Vest

A

halo-vest is a brace that is used to immobilize and protect the cervical spine and neck after surgery or accident. The halo is a ring that surrounds the head and is attached by pins to the outer portion of the skull.

26
Q

Parkinson’s

A 
Drooling 
Constipation
Drooling
Dysphasia
Short, shuffling steps
Pin-rolling tremor
27
Q

TIA

A

Mini stroke

28
Q

FAST

A

Face. Ask the person to smile. Does one side of the face droop?

Arms. Ask the person to raise both arms. Does one arm drift downward? Or is one arm unable to raise up?

Speech. Ask the person to repeat a simple phrase. Is his or her speech slurred or strange?

Time. If you observe any of these signs, call 911 immediately.

29
Q

Thrombotic stroke

A

A thrombotic stroke occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms in one of the arteries that supply blood to your brain

30
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

In a subarachnoid hemorrhage, an artery on or near the surface of your brain bursts and spills into the space between the surface of your brain and your skull. This bleeding is often signaled by a sudden, severe headache.

31
Q

Aneurysm

A

is a localized, blood-filled balloon-like bulge in the wall of a blood vessel

32
Q

Goals for an intracranial hemorrhage

A

ABC’s

33
Q

Exacerbation period in MS

A

Also known as flare up or relapse.

New symptoms or worsening of old symptoms.

34
Q

Tensilon Test

A

The Tensilon test uses the drug Tensilon to diagnose myasthenia gravis. A patient has myasthenia gravis if his or her muscles get stronger after being injected with Tensilon.

35
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

No muscle contraction.

Conserve energy
Avoid Infection
Support groups

36
Q

Emergency ALS

A

ABCs
Pain control
Prevention of infection

37
Q

Guillain Barre Syndrome

A

is a rare disorder in which your body’s immune system attacks your nerves. Weakness and tingling in your extremities are usually the first symptoms. Progression of paralysis.
Usually happens after viral infection.
Either top to bottom or bottom to top. Medical emergency.

38
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia

A

Chronic pain/tingling in face.

Anticonvulsants

39
Q

Bells Palsy

A

Effects facial nerve.

Dropping or paralysis of one side of the face.

40
Q

Thymectomy for MG

A

Relieve symptoms.

41
Q

Craniotomy

A 
Cut open cranium. 
V/S 
Neuro checks
Corticosteroids 
Anticonvulsants
Pain control
42
Q

Vision and CVA

A

Effects same side of brain effected.
Opposite side of body effected.
Take into consideration when performing ADLs.

Medical Surgical (1 decks)

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