Exam 1

Question 1

benzyl alcohol

Answer 1

antimicrobial
conc < 2%
pH > 5
g-pos, mold, yeast

Question 2

m-cresol

Answer 2

antimicrobial
conc < 2%
pH < 9
broad spectrum

Question 3

phenol

Answer 3

antimicrobial
conc < 0.5%
broad pH
broad spectrum

Question 4

parabens

Answer 4

antimicrobial
conc < 2%
pH 4-8
bacteria, yeast, mold

Question 5

chlorobutanol

Answer 5

antimicrobial
conc < 0.5%
pH > 5.5
bacteriostatic in non-aq formulations

Question 6

thiomersol

Answer 6

antimicrobial
conc 0.2%
acidic pH it is cidal, basic pH it is static
bacteria, fungi

Question 7

dry heat

Answer 7

dehydration, oxidation of cellular proteins
glassware, oil, powder
limitations:
-high temp with long exposure
-penetrates unevenly
-not for heat-labile

Question 8

autoclaving

Answer 8

coagulates cellular proteins
120 at 15 psi for 20 min
sealed containers, glassware, instruments

Question 9

aseptic filtration (not terminal)

Answer 9

0.22 um filters, positive or negative pressure
ceramic, polycarbonate and polymeric filters
do FIT (bubble test) afterwards to make sure filter is good

Question 10

gas sterilization

Answer 10

ethylene oxide alkylates proteins

powders, plastics, tubing (can permeate plastics)

Question 11

radiation sterilization

Answer 11

UV, a, b, g* damages DNA/proteins

slow, requires special equipment

Question 12

to validate sterility

Answer 12

biological indicators (spores)

Question 13

endotoxic limit

Answer 13

5 EU/kg in IV

IT is 0.2 EU/kg

Question 14

ascorbic acid

Answer 14

antioxidant
good solubility
0.1%

Question 15

alpha tocopherol

Answer 15

antioxidant
poor solubility
0.05%

Question 16

butylated hydroxyanisole

Answer 16

antioxidant
insoluble
0.03%

Question 17

Na metabisulfite

Answer 17

antioxidant
1%
for acidic injections

Question 18

EDTA

Answer 18

antioxidant

0.1%