Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Exam 1 Cardio > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

endocardium is thickest in the

A

atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

perkinjie fibers have very less dense

A

myofibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

bright stains on epicardium indicate the presence of

A

blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cardiac cells as as a functional sync due to the presence of

A

intercalated discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the nucleus of cardiac muscles are located where

A

centrally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

intercalated discs are only found on what cell type

A

cardiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

transmission of impulses in cardiac cells is due to the gap junctions btw

A

intercalated discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

purkinjie fibers use this energy source

A

glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

chambers of the heart are lined with

A

squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

posterior trachea is made of

A

smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

columnar cells of trachea are lined with

A

cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

purpose of cilia anywhere in resp tract

A

to expel mucous out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

difference btwn terminal and resp bronchioles is

A

resp bronchioles have cuboidal epithelium with some alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

alveoli are made primarily of

A

squamous cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

these produce surfactant

A

pneumocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

in infants, contraction of the diaphragm is different how

A

in adults, contraction results in decreased pressure and increased thoracic space, it is opposite in infants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lack of O2 is

A

anoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

lack of breathing

A

apnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

normal breathing at rest

A

eupnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is hypercapnia

A

increased levels of PaCO2 (arterial)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

increased rate of breath is known as

A

hyperpnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

increased PaCO2 and decreased PaO2, and decreased rate of breathing

A

hypoventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

so with hyperventilation, you don’t have enough

A

PaCO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

true ribs

A

1-7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

upper ribs do what action

A

pump handle, ant to post

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

lower ribs do what action

A

bucket handle (side to side)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

upper ribs are what plane

A

frontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

lower ribs are what plane

A

saggital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

angle of louie is at rib

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what 4 things are different in prenatal blood flow that do not exist after birth

A

umbilical vein, ductus venosus, ductus arteriosis, foramen ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

coronary vessels are found in what heart layer

A

epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

cardiac muscle isn’t parallel like skeletal, rather it is in a

A

series

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

cardiac muscle is highly___ and is only muscle type to have___

A

striated, intercalated discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

resistance in the lungs while in womb is very

A

high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

after birth, the resistance in the lungs should

A

drop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

majority of prenatal blood travels to the aorta via the

A

ductus arteriosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q
  1. Oxygenated blood from the placenta flows through the umbilical vein and enters the inferior vena cava through the
A

ductus venosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what could cause the ductus arteriosis to remain open at birth

A

lack of arterial O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

LCA divides into

A

circ A and LAD A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

This type of coronary vessel (vein) dumps into ventricles

A

thesbian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

blood flows in the body due to pressure differences btwn

A

coronary and systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

The heart is innervated by the ___ sx

A

autonaumic ns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Which semilunar valve closes first

A

aortic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

newborns have ____ alveolar surface area

A

less = more time for exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

newborns compensate for breathing issues by doing what (vs adults)

A

increasing rate of breath instead of increasing depth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

diaphragm in infants has less type __ fibers

A

I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

neonates can experience apnea up to __ sec

A

20 sec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

2 collateral back up structures that infants don’t possess

A

pores of kahn and lamberts canals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

circ A runs where

A

AV groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

LAD runs where

A

IV groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

RCA supplies ___% to SA ___% to AV

A

60 SA 90 AV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

nerve to intercostals

A

ventral ramus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

most important accessory muscle for breathing

A

SCM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

heart lies mainly under which portion of the sternum

A

body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

outer most surface of the heart

A

epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

funnel chest is aka

A

pectus excavatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

barrel chested pts have issues with

A

getting air out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

which position decreases lung space and vol

A

supine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

approx normal BP for newborns

A

70/45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

5 accessory muscles that elevate ribs

A

(pets) pec minor, SA, erector spinae, traps (traps indirectly), scalenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

nerve to erector spinae

A

dorsal ramus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

nerve to scalenes

A

cervical 3-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

nerve to intercostals

A

ventral ramus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

expiration is___

A

passive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

in adults gas exchange happens at __ level

A

capillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

normal HR for newborn

A

190

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

normal RR newborn

A

30-60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

in expiration, thoracic pressure

A

increases, forcing air out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

with COPD pts, in order to get air out, they have to use ___ muscles

A

abdominal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

after blood leaves aorta, it goes in what sequence

A

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

nerve to intercostals

A

ventral ramus

72
Q

nerve to SCM

A

spinal acc XI (remember traps is the only 2)

73
Q

why is it a big issue if premies get an URI

A

2 reasons, lack of surfactant to keep alveoli open and healthy and lack of pores of kahn and lambert canals

74
Q

which of the 2 collateral structures connects alveoli

A

(poka) pores of kahn

75
Q

which of the 2 collateral structures connect bronchioles with alveoli

A

lamberts canals

76
Q

which side sounds clearer to a clinician, r or l bronchi

A

right

77
Q

what is considered tachypnea in an infant

A

over 60

78
Q

what is considered tachypnea in a baby under 12 months

A

50 or more (then over 12 months it’s 40)

79
Q

expiration occurs dt relaxation of ____&_____

A

diaphragm and intercostals

80
Q

forced expiration uses what 2 muscle groups

A

abs and intercostals

81
Q

O2 goes from placenta to ____ to______

A

from placenta, to UV, to IVC

82
Q

O2 goes to IVC from umbilical v via the

A

ductus venosis

83
Q

The ductus venosis is btwn the ___ & ___

A

umbilical vein and the IVC

84
Q

atrial gallop

A

S4

85
Q

___ is above the soft pallate

A

nasopharynx

86
Q

base of tounge

A

oropharynx

87
Q

opening of the esophagus

A

laryngeopharynx

88
Q

order of pharynx’s from top to bottom

A

N, O, L

89
Q

larynx is made of

A

cart

90
Q

This structure prevents objects from entering the airway

A

larynx

91
Q

what is the division of the bronchi called

A

carina

92
Q

right sided bronchi is ___, ___ &___ than left

A

wider, shorter, straighter

93
Q

most aspirations occur in right side bc

A

it’s wider

94
Q

terminal bronchi denote what (anatomically)

A

end of conducting airways

95
Q

after bronchioles, the cascade goes

A

terminal bronchioles, resp bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

96
Q

when babies aren’t born with surfactant this is known as

A

RDS

97
Q

elevates sternum during forced inspiration

A

SCM

98
Q

membranous sac that covers outer lung surface

A

visceral pleura

99
Q

membranous sac that covers inner surface of chest all, diaphragm and mediastinum

A

pariatel pleura

100
Q

which pleura has sensory innervation

A

pariatel

101
Q

both anterior ventricles are supplied by

A

LAD

102
Q

coronary sinus dumps into the

A

right atrium

103
Q

4 main PFT effected by aging

A

FVC, FEV, FEF, closing Vol

104
Q

resp rate of newborn

A

up to 60

105
Q

S1 or S2 is loudest at apex

A

S1 at apex, S2 at aorta

106
Q

ventricular gallop

A

S3

107
Q

what causes depolarization in cardiac muscle

A

calcium

108
Q

what causes depolarization in sk muscle

A

na

109
Q

the plataue in AP in cardiac muscle represents what

A

depolarization, Ca

110
Q

Na or Ca come ___ while K always goes ___

A

in , out

111
Q

this delivers impulse from right to left atrium

A

bachmans

112
Q

nerve to scm

A

spinal acc nerve XI

113
Q

4 lung functions

A

FAT E (filter, acid base balance, temp, exchange)

114
Q

segments in both upper lungs

A

apical, anterior, posterior

115
Q

segments of RML

A

med and lat

116
Q

lower lobe segments

A

slap (and then right also has a medial)

117
Q

nerve to trapezius

A

spinal acc XI and ventral ramus

118
Q

left lung doesn’t have a middle lobe, it has

A

lingular (with a sup and inf portion)

119
Q

when document lung sounds, you must include

A

seg, side, lobe

120
Q

nerve to scalenes

A

cervical 3-5

121
Q

why is SA node the pacemaker

A

bc it depolarizes the fastest

122
Q

medial stinal px is where

A

lower neck and shoulder

123
Q

trained atheltes with left ventricular hypertrophy may have

A

S4

124
Q

position to hear S3 or S4

A

left lateral decubitis

125
Q

myocardium thickness is determined by

A

amt of work done

126
Q

most blood in prenates enters aorta via the

A

ductus arteriosis

127
Q

what causes foramen ovale to stay open

A

increased pressure on Right atrium. pressure in right atrium is supposed to decrease, causing more pressure on left side, causing foramen ovale to close

128
Q

what intervention can cause closure of ductus arteriosis

A

prostaglandin inhibitor

129
Q

apex and IVS are supplied by the

A

LAD

130
Q

occlusions of RCA can cause

A

arrythmias

131
Q

RV means

A

residual vol

132
Q

kyphosis does what to diaphragm

A

decreases dome shape = cant get air out

133
Q

sx often effected by aging

A

pulm

134
Q

sx often effects youth

A

cardio

135
Q

the vol in the lungs (during exp) when airways begin to close is

A

closing vol

136
Q

pericarditis often occurs after

A

an MI

137
Q

off of the circ artery

A

marginals

138
Q

S1 sound is dt , while S2 sound is due to

A

S1- closure of AV valves, S2 closure of semilunar valves

139
Q

biggest R to airflow

A

decreased diameter

140
Q

only the ___ have 2 nerves

A

traps

141
Q

upper lobe is at what rib

A

4

142
Q

lower lobe is at what rib

A

6

143
Q

meconium can lead to

A

increased pressure on right side = patent foramen ovale

144
Q

if pressure is high in ventricle, what will occur

A

AV valve is shut off

145
Q

if someone has a clot, ____ structures are effected first

A

inside out (like upside down tree)

146
Q

what is SE

A

subendocardial (partial damage)

147
Q

what is TM

A

transmural (full damage)

148
Q

autoarythmic cells (that effect AP of heart) act like

A

cardiac (Ca dep, K re)

149
Q

PAP

A

pulmonary artery pressure

150
Q

PDA

A

patent ductus arteriosus

151
Q

PVD

A

peripheral vascular disease

152
Q

SVG

A

saphenous vein graft

153
Q

PCI

A

percutaneous coronary intervention

154
Q

SVT

A

supraventricular tachycardia

155
Q

PAT

A

paroxymal atrial tachycardia

156
Q

TVR

A

tricuspid valve replacement

157
Q

VAD

A

ventricular assistive device

158
Q

WPW

A

wolff parkinson white syndrome

159
Q

function of SCM (only one to do this)

A

elevate sternum

160
Q

layers of bv

A

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia

161
Q

outermost layer of bv

A

tunica adventitia

162
Q

out to in, what are the layers of bv made of

A

c, s, e (collagen smooth endothelial)

163
Q

tunica intima is impermeable to large proteins,but small ones like ____ can get in

A

LDL

164
Q

which layer of bv allows for dilation/constriction

A

media

165
Q

arteries or veins have the thickest tunica media

A

arteries

166
Q

2 types of arteries

A

elastin and muscular

167
Q

this reflects strain on arteries

A

systole

168
Q

pressure during ventricular contraction

A

systole

169
Q

reflects ventricular relaxation

A

diastole

170
Q

MAP reflects

A

ability of blood to get to tissue

171
Q

DBP + (1/3 x PP) is

A

MAP

172
Q

these are known as resistance vessels

A

arterioles

173
Q

capallaries are made of

A

endothelial cells

174
Q

veins are made of ___ and act as ____

A

collagen reservoirs

175
Q

arteries have lots of

A

smooth muscle

176
Q

this bv type has the thickest tunica media

A

arteries

Exam 1 Cardio (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions