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Maternity > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

fertility rates

A

total # of live births per 1000 women of reproductive age

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2
Q

birth rate

A

of live births per 1000 people

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3
Q

infant mortality

A

death before first birthday

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4
Q

maternal death

A

death of a woman during pregnancy or w/n 42 days of termination of pregnancy

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5
Q

direct obstetric death

A

death resulting from complications during pre, labor/birth, postpartum, omission of interventions, or incorrect treatment

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6
Q

indirect obstetric death

A

death that is d/t a preexisting disease or a disease that develops during pregnancy that doesn’t have a direct obstetrical cause but is likely aggravated by changes of pregnancy

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7
Q

pregnancy-related cause

A

maternal death during pregnant w/n 42 days of termination of pregnancy regardless of cause of death

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8
Q

Which ethnic group has the highest rate of preterm birth?

A

African Americans

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9
Q

What are the major causes of infant deaths?

A
  • congenital malformations and chromosomal abnormalities (#1)
  • disorders r/t to short gestation and low birth weight
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10
Q

AWHONN

A

Association for Women’s health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses

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11
Q

Ethical dilemma

A

a choice that has the potential to violate ethical principles

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12
Q

paternalism

A

a system under which an authority makes decisions for others and should be avoided in decision making in health care

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13
Q

autonomy

A

right to self-determination

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14
Q

beneficence

A

obligation to do good

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15
Q

nonmaleficence

A

obligation to do no harm

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16
Q

justice

A

principle of equal treatment of others or that others be treated fairly

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17
Q

fidelity

A

faithfulness or obligation to keep promises

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18
Q

veracity

A

obligation to tell the truth

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19
Q

utility

A

the greatest good for the individual or an action that is valued

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20
Q

Rights Approach

A

focus is on the individual’s right to choose, and the rights include the right to privacy, to know the truth, and to be free from injury or harm

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21
Q

Utilitarian Approach

A

ethical actions are those that provide the greatest balance of good over evil and provide for the greatest good for the greatest number

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22
Q

Pap Smear

A

screening for cervical cancer

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23
Q

macrosomia

A

birth weight above 90th percentile

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24
Q

antepartum period

A

(prenatal) begins with the first day of the LMP and ends with the onset of labor

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25
Q

term gestation

A

btw 37-42 weeks gestation

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26
Q

gravida

A

total number of times a woman has been pregnant

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27
Q

para

A

number of births after 20 weeks gestation (no matter if live birth or still births)

28
Q

nullgravida

A

woman who has never been pregnant

29
Q

primigravida

A

woman who is pregnant for the first time

30
Q

multigravida

A

someone who is pregnant for at least the second time

31
Q

fundus

A

upper portion of uterus

32
Q

isthmus

A

lower segment of uterus

33
Q

cervix

A

lower narrow part, neck of uterus (interfaces with vagina)

34
Q

cervical Os

A

opening of the cervix that dilates during labor to allow passage of the fetus though the vagina

35
Q

Braxton hicks contractions

A

intermittent, painless, and psychological uterine contractions

36
Q

Pica

A

craving for and consumption of nonfood substances such as starch and clay; RESULTS IN ANEMIA

37
Q

ptyalism

A

increase in saliva

38
Q

Pregnant Hemoglobin

A

11-13

39
Q

Pregnant Hematocit

A

33-39

40
Q

Pregnant RBC count

A

3.8-4.4

41
Q

Pregnant WBC

A

5.0-12.0

42
Q

Pregnant Platelets

A

150,000-400,000

43
Q

Pregnant BG Fasting

A

<= 95

44
Q

Pregnant BG postmeals

A

<=120

45
Q

ovaries

A

primary follicles contain oocytes, secrete estrogen, and progesterone

46
Q

fallopian tubes (oviducts)

A

carry the ovum into the uterus; fertilization occurs within the fallopian tubes

47
Q

What are layers and what is the function of the endometrium?

A

contains the basal layer and the functional layer; the functional layer is lost during menstrual cycle when implication doesn’t occur. Estrogen and progesterone stimulate the functional layer of the endometrium to thick in preparation for implantation

48
Q

Bartholin’s Gland

A

keeps the mucosa moist and lubricates the vagina during intercourse

49
Q

Where does spermatogenesis take place?

A

seminiferous tubules

50
Q

Where do sperm mature?

A

epididymis

51
Q

Seminal Vesicles

A

produce fructose, which is an energy source for sperm; secretions are alkaline, which enhances sperm motility

52
Q

Bulbourethral Gland (Cowper’s Gland)

A

secrete an alkaline solution that coats the interior of the urethra to neutralize the acidic urine that is present

53
Q

Function of the Placenta

A
  • metabolic gas exchange

- hormone production (progesterone, estrogen, hCg, hPL) )

54
Q

progesterone

A
  • stimulates buildup of endometrium functional layer
  • facilitates implantation and decreases uterine contractility
  • stimulates prolactin for breast development
55
Q

estrogen

A
  • promotes the maturation of the ovum
  • stimulates the development of the endometrium
  • stimulates the enlargement of the breasts and uterus
56
Q

hCG

A
  • stimulates corpus luteum to continue to secrete estrogen and progesterone until the placenta is mature enough to secrete these hormones (until 8-10 weeks of gestation where the placenta takes over this function)
57
Q

hPL

A
  • promotes fetal growth by regulating glucose available to the developing human
  • stimulates breast development in preparation for lactation
58
Q

What are the 2 embryonic membranes?

A
  • chorion (outermost membrane)

- amnion (inner membrane)

59
Q

Function of the amniotic fluid

A
  • cushion for the fetus when there are sudden maternal movements
  • prevents adherence of the developing human to the amniotic membranes
    allows freedom of fetal movement, which aids in symmetrical musculoskeletal development
  • provides a consistent thermal environment
    (interesting fact: amniotic fluid is initially produced by the amniotic membrane and then in the second and third trimester it is produced by the fetal kidneys)
60
Q

Umbilical Cord

A
  • consists of two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein (vein carries oxygenated blood, arteries carry deoxygenated blood)
  • the vessels are surrounded by wharton’s jelly that protects the vessels form compression
  • average length the cord is 55 cm
61
Q

Foods High in Iron

A
  • red meat
  • poultry
  • seafood
  • beans
  • dark leafy vegetables
  • dried fruit
  • iron- fortified cereals, breads, and pasta
62
Q

Foods High in Folic Acid

A
  • dark, leafy greens
  • asparagus
  • broccoli
  • citrus fruits (papaya and oranges)
  • strawberries
  • beans, peas, and lentils
  • avocado
63
Q

What is supine hypotensive syndrome?

A

hypotensive d/t woman lying on back in mid to late pregnancy. When supine, the enlarged uterus compresses the INFERIOR VENA CAVA, leading to a drop in cardiac output and BP

64
Q

When do you admin rhogam?

A

~ if you have a Rh - mom

  • first dose: 28 weeks
  • 2nd dose: after delivery (w/n 72 hours)
65
Q

When does a baby’s heart beat?

A

4th week

66
Q

organogensis is complete by which week?

A

8th week

67
Q

When are genitalia visible

A

12th week

Maternity (4 decks)

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