Exam 1

Question 1

deductive reasoning

Answer 1

Predicting a specific result from general principles.

Question 2

inductive reasoning

Answer 2

Inferring general principles from specific observations.

Question 3

When might a scientific theory be modified?

Answer 3

When new information is discovered

Question 4

Parts of the Cell Theory

Answer 4

• Cells are the basic unit of life
• All livingthings are made up of one or more cells
• All cells come from other cells

Question 5

The resolution of a microscope is defined as

Answer 5

the ability to distinguish two points as being separate

Question 6

Viruses like Ebola can cause serious diseases in living organism, however, viruses are not made up of cells. What can you conclude from this statement?

Answer 6

Viruses are not alive

Question 7

All cells contain DNA. What role does DNA play in the life of a cell?

Answer 7

• Evolution
• Reproduction
• Information

Question 8

What so ALL cells have?

Answer 8

• All cells contain cytoplasm
• All cells have a plasma membrane
• All cells have ribosomes

Question 9

What is something a prokaryotic cell has that a eukaryotic cell does not?

Answer 9

Nucleoid

Question 10

Eukaryotic cell possess what traits?

Answer 10

• Compartmentalization - Membrane-bound organelles

Question 11

What evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 11

Mitochondria and chloioplasts have their own DNA

Question 12

The “proto-cell” that was involved in endosymbiosis must have already had what?

Answer 12

• A plasma membrane - A nuclear envelope (membrane) - Ribosomes - Protein

Question 13

Which number in the images below corresponds to mitochondria?

Answer 13

1

Question 14

Which number in the images below is associated with ribosomes?

Answer 14

3 & 4

Question 15

Which cellular organelles are made up of more than one membrane?

Answer 15

• nucleus
• mitochondria
• chloroplast

Question 16

The organelle labeled “2” is very acidic. Which organelle is it?

Answer 16

The lysosome

Question 17

The three domains of life are:

Answer 17

Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria

Question 18

Peroxisomes detoxify poisonous substances such as ethanol. Prokaryotes do not have peroxisomes. Predict how prokaryotes are able to survive exposure to ethanol.

Answer 18

Prokaryotes have enzymes in their cytoplasm that detoxify ethanol

Question 19

In which of these environments would you expect to find living prokaryotes?

Answer 19

• Deep-sea vents
• Geysers and hot springs
• Inside salt crystals
• Desert soil

Question 20

How did photosynthetic prokaryotes radically change the earths atmosphere?

Answer 20

They contributed large amounts of the waste product of photosynthesis, 02

Question 21

Huntington’s disease is a fatal, degenerative brain disorder in humans for which there is no known treatment. It is caused by mutation in the single gene. Half of the children of a Huntington’s patient will also have a condition. Symptoms do not appear until middle age. What characteristic of this disease has likely kept natural selection from eliminating it from the human population?

Answer 21

People reproduce before the onset of symptoms

Question 22

Which group of organisms in the simple diagram of the carbon cycle are probably photoautotroph’s?

Answer 22

Primary producers

Question 23

phototrophs

Answer 23

Gain energy from the light

Question 24

Autotroph

Answer 24

Gain carbon from CO2

Question 25

What would you call organism that uses sugar (an organic molecule) to make ATP and gains carbon from the atmosphere?

Answer 25

A chemoorgano-autotroph

Question 26

What did the Urey-Miller experiment show?

Answer 26

Amino acids and other complex organic molecules could form on Earth

Question 27

What determines the difference between atomic elements?

Answer 27

The number of protons

Question 28

\_\_\_\_ atoms of element 1 can form a ____ bond with element 2.

Answer 28

Four; nonpolar covalent

Question 29

A cation is an atom that has:

Answer 29

lost a valence electron

Question 30

Whatg is correct about electronegativity?

Answer 30

- Electrons are attracted to largei atomic nuclei - Polar covalent bonds occur because of it

Question 31

A hydrogen bond is formed -

Answer 31

When a hydrogen with a particle positive charge interacts with an atom with a partial negative charge

Question 32

Whatwould have to happen in order for a polar covalent bond to form?

Answer 32

One atom would have to share electrons unequally with another atom

Question 33

Most biological organisms function in a pH range of

Answer 33

pH 6-8

Question 34

Complete the following sentence: A reaction that releases energy so the produits have less energy than the reactants is called -

Answer 34

an exergonic reaction

Question 35

The part of this molecule shown in the grey box is a -

Answer 35

R group

Question 36

Which of the following is a true statement about this molecule based only on the region shown in the grey box.

Answer 36

The molecule is hydrophobic and will not form hydrogen bonds in water

Question 37

Where would you expect to find this amino acid in a folded protein?

Answer 37

Hidden deep inside the protein

Question 38

The primary level of proteln folding is stabilized by -

Answer 38

peptide bonds

Question 39

Which level of protein structure is influenced by the order of amino acids?

Answer 39

- Primary - Secondary - Tertiary - Quaternary

Question 40

What is the highest level of protein structure represented in the diagram labeled A?

Answer 40

Tertiary

Question 41

Van der Waals interactions are indicated by which letter in diagram A?

Answer 41

D

Question 42

What levels of protein structure do you observe in the diagram labeled B?

Answer 42

- primary - tertiary - quarternary

Question 43

What type bond is important for secondary structure

Answer 43

Hydrogen bonds along the backbone