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Rad Physics > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

Which type of dose is attributed to harmful effects from low levels of radiation?

A

Genetic

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1
Q

Which of the following are examples of electromagnetic IONIZING radiation?

A

X-ray and gamma radiation

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2
Q

Is there any logical way that your time spent in DPORT would be exposed to alpha particles?

A

Yes, by breathing the QC air

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3
Q

The large or small focal spot is usually set simultaneously with what?

A

the millamperes

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4
Q

If you wanted to increase the number of PHOTONS reaching your film which could you do?

A

increase the mA

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5
Q

What governs the speed of electrons?

A

kV

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6
Q

Comparing two films with the kV and mAs constant, one taken at 40” FFD and the other at 72”FFD, which would occur?

A

increased density of the 40” film and decreased image size of 72” film

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7
Q

Which of the following is responsible for changing AC current to DC current?

A

a rectifier

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8
Q

How would one figure heat units if one was so inclined to do so?

A

mA * time * kVp

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9
Q

At the usual kV range that you will be xraying spines with which of the following makes up the majority of the beam?

A

Bremsstrahlung radiation

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10
Q

How much energy created by an exposure in a x-ray tube is useful for production of radiograph?

A

1% (99% heat)

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11
Q

What is the main function of the anode? (+)

A

to stop the electrons

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12
Q

Of the following which produces thermionic emission?

A

the low voltage circuit

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13
Q

which of the following is responsible for the anode heel effect?

A

the bevel of the anode (bev’s heal)

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14
Q

The boiling off of electrons is known by which term?

A

thermionic emmision

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15
Q

What part of the tube complex allows one to control the size of the useful beam?

A

the collimator

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16
Q

Which of the following increases patient exposure to radiation?

A

split screens

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17
Q

Where is added filtration located?

A

on the port of the tube housing

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18
Q

Which part of the tube complex will you have to unlock and move to set the tube distance to an upright lateral lumbar film?

A

the tube stand

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19
Q

Which of the following is NOT required to appear on a legal ID marker?

A

age and birth of patient

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20
Q

Federal standards require 2.5 mm of aluminum for which kVp range?

A

70-100

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21
Q

Which of the following is true about collimating from 14”-17” field to an 8” by 10” film?

A

you would increase tube output

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22
Q

One millisievert equals…

A

100 mrems

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23
Q

What would happen if you took a film at 40 inches then moved the tube to 72 inches and took film again. In order to get the same film density you would need to:

A

increase the mAs by 3 times

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24
Q

Which is true about radon?

A

it makes up more than 50% of our avg annual exposure to radiation

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25
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of x-ray?

A

short wavelength

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26
Q

of your bodies systems which will require the most radiation in an acute blast to screw it up?

A

nervous system

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27
Q

in what country was x-ray discovered?

A

Germany

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28
Q

A wee little photon has sailed thru space at high rate of speed which has carried you into and out of a patient. What is the next thing encountered?

A

the grid

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29
Q

if you had a film that was TOO dark what would you do?

A

decrease mAs

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30
Q

what causes more penumbra?

A

large focal spot

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31
Q

x-ray is produced in which part of the tube?

A

the target

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32
Q

which of the following is the anode heel responsible for?

A

a reduction in beam intensity

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33
Q

which part of the tube prevents the electron cloud from dispersing beyond desired location?

A

the focusing cup

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34
Q

the filtration of the x-ray beam as it passes thru the collimator is mostly due to which?

A

the shutters

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35
Q

if you were taking an A-P open mouth for upper cervical which should you do?

A

use selective filtration over the eyes

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36
Q

What part of the tube complex allows on to move the tube stand in order to set the SID for an upright film?

A

the tube track

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37
Q

The single greatest risk for fetus from ionizing radiation exposure from x-ray is which

A

childhood leukemia

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38
Q

If you took radiograph at 72” and then took another at 40” what would you have to do to maintain same density?

A

decrease the mAs by 1/3

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39
Q

What would you find the p means in kVp

A

kilo volts PEAK

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40
Q

You see a conse, manual collimator, a semi automatic collimator, a fully automatic collimator and a lead diaphragm, what do most people prefer today

A

manual collimator

41
Q

a dual focus tube has which characteristic that a single focus doesnt?

A

2 filaments

42
Q

When taking an A-P full spine film of a young female which structures should you be most concerned with in reducing exposure to prevent cancer?

A

breast

43
Q

Who credited with discovery of x-ray?

A

WC Roentgen

44
Q

the speed of electrons is controlled by which?

A

the low vvoltage circuit

45
Q

what is an advantage to using a small focal spot?

A

clearer image

46
Q

before using a high setting with a tube that has been shut down overnight, it is advisable to do what?

A

use a tube warm up procedure

47
Q

the “useful beam” exits which part of tube

A

window

48
Q

what is the international unit designation for ‘rad’?

A

gray

49
Q

the filament is surrounded by what structure?

A

the focusing cup

50
Q

Which part limits size of useful x-ray beam?

A

collimator

51
Q

Which year was x-ray discovered?

A

1895

52
Q

which is recommended fro full spine film

A

compensating filtration

53
Q

Which part of the tube complex has as its main function the removal of soft rays?

A

tube filters

54
Q

between the tube and tube hosuing

A

where is oil normally found in tube complex?

55
Q

kV is primary controlling factor for what?

A

contrast

56
Q

which is the last thing you should do before pressing expose button?

A

activate rotor

57
Q

main purpose of oil in tube complex is to aid in

A

cooling the tube

58
Q

which type of anode should you use?

A

rotating

59
Q

what is the half value layer used for? (HVL)

A

filtration recommendations

60
Q

before moving the tube stand on the track what must be accomplished?

A

the teck must by released

61
Q

about how much reduction in gonad exposure occurs with P-A lumbar compared to A-P lumbar?

A

95%

62
Q

IF there is a (-) sign on the upper cable attachment on the tube and a plus (+) sign on the the lower of a full spine/lateral sectional film what will occur?

A

the Cervicals will be too DARK and the Lumbars will be too LIGHT

63
Q

X-rayed the thoracic spine and found all shows up well on &” by 17” A-P except for upper region which is too dark - what did you do?

A

Didn’t filter the upper part

64
Q

Which is true about x-ray?

A

some materials fluoresce when exposed to them

65
Q

FFD, TFD, and SID refer to what?

A

distance between the SOURCE of the x-ray and the FILM

66
Q

Which is most commonly used dosimeter

A

a film badge

67
Q

which effect would a smaller anode angle have compared to a larger angle?

A

it would create a clearer image

68
Q

of different types of radiation which has biological effects?

A

ionizing

69
Q

Which contributes to the most radiation to a humans annual exposure?

A

radon gas

70
Q

which is most helpful in producing a good quality A-P full spine film?

A

having the anode toward the cervicals

71
Q

Positive beam limitation systems (PBL) would include what?

A

semiautomatic collimation

72
Q

In checking your collimator, what percentage is the limit for inaccuracy?

A

2%

73
Q

What is used to tell us that the xray beam is centered to the part bring radiographed?

A

the light and mirror

74
Q

at a set FFD and film size the less collimation used the ___ the film will be?

A

DARKER

75
Q

From which of the following does the electron cloud form?

A

the filament

76
Q

A-P thoracic radiograph the upper part of the spine is OVERexposed, What should you do to get a better film?

A

used a film for upper part

77
Q

Federal regulation requires how much filtration for an xray machine that operates at 70 kV - 100 kV?

A

2.5 mm

78
Q

What material is used for the construction of most compensating filters?

A

Aluminum

79
Q

What part of the tube complex allows one to move the tube stand?

A

tube track

80
Q

when is the fetus most sensitive to radiation?

A

1st trimester

81
Q

The ten day rule concerns:

A

patients during a ten day period from the onset of menses

82
Q

Why is a P-A film BETTER than A-P film for a 13 year old female with scoliosis having 14” by 35” full spine x-ray taken?

A

it will decrease the breast and gonad exposure

83
Q

What the is the law about radio sensitivity and metabolic rate for young males

A

use a contact gonad shield

84
Q

radon comes to use in which form?

A

alpha particles

85
Q

give or take a little natural background radiation accounts for about how much of average annual exposure of ionizing radiation?

A

80%

86
Q

the beneficial effect of radiation is called

A

radiation homesis

87
Q

which of the following is not property of xray

A

they are stored in matter

88
Q

how many rads are in a gray?

A

100

89
Q

what unit of measure usually used for occupational exposure to radiation

A

REM

90
Q

What year did BJ palmer introduce x-ray into chiropractic profession

A

1910

91
Q

which would happen if you lengthened the time of an exposure?

A

you would increase the number of photons hitting the patient

92
Q

which primary factor is responsible for quiality of xray beam?

A

mA

93
Q

the mA setting determines which of the following?

A

the current going thru the filament

94
Q

which would have the least fluctuation in the kV lever?

A

high frequency

95
Q

what propels the electrons in an x-ray tube

A

kV

96
Q

the tube warmup procedure should be performed by using how many exposures?

A

2

97
Q

which part of an xray tube is the target located?

A

anode

98
Q

the term thermionic emmission is most closely related to what?

A

the cloud of electrons at filament

99
Q

which of the following three radiograph projections routinely uses compensating filter?

A

ap thoracic, lateral thoracic, full spine

100
Q

which is the best way to identify patients film

A

a flash on label before processing

Rad Physics (1 decks)

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