Exam 1 - 2nd half

Question 1

phase I reactions usually convert the parent drug to a more _____ metabolite by introducing/unmaksing a _____

Answer 1

polar

functional group

Question 2

CYP reaction - aromatic and aliphatic hydroxylations need a _______ R group to make an adequate site for hydroxylation

Answer 2

electron-withdrawing

Question 3

CYP reaction - epoxidation needs a _____ carbon carbon bond with adjacent ____

Answer 3

unsaturated

R-groups

Question 4

CYP reaction - oxidative dealkylations can occur on 3 different types of groups

Answer 4

N-
O-
S-

Question 5

CYP reaction - N oxidation can occur on what 3 types of amines? And it needs a ______ R group on the N

Answer 5

primary, secondary or tertiary amine

electron-withdrawing group

Question 6

CYP reaction - deamination occurs with _____ amines with ____ groups attached to the N atom

Answer 6

primary amines

alkyl groups

Question 7

FMO reactions prefer the oxidation or ___ and ____ amines to the hydroxyl amines and _-oxides, they also catalyze _-oxidations

Answer 7

secondary and teriatry amines
N-oxides
S-oxidations

Question 8

FMO reaction - N-oxidation with ____ amines that have a small alkyl group attached, it forms a _______

Answer 8

tertiary

N-oxide

Question 9

Glucuronidation and sulfation often occur on same substrates (3 kinds) ____ _____ ____, or 2 kinds of sulfates ____ & ____. N-conjugates occurs on ____ or ____ amines

Answer 9

N, S, C
N & O sulfates
primary or secondary amines

Question 10

GSH conjugation - all GST substrates contain an _____ atom and are _____ substrates

Answer 10

electrophilic atom

hydrophobic

Question 11

GSH conjugation - most electrophilic substrates must contain a ________ group

Answer 11

a good leaving group

Question 12

N-acetylation by cytosolic NATS occurs on _____ amines, ______ groups or ___aminds

Answer 12

aromatic amines
hydrazine groups
sulfonamides

Question 13

pharmacogenetics is the study of ______ controlled variations in drugs response. Includes both genetic _____ and ____ genetic ___ that alter an individuals drug response

Answer 13

genetically
polymorphisms
rare
disorders

Question 14

genetic polymorphisms are define as a ____ or _____ trait that exists in the population in at least ___ phenotypes, neither which are ___

Answer 14

Mendialsn or monogenic trait
2
rare

Question 15

additive (co-dominant)

Answer 15

most common pattern
no domination of one allele over another
gene dosage effect

Question 16

autosomal recessive

Answer 16

normal allele dominants over mutatn allele

Question 17

autosomal dominant

Answer 17

mutant allele dominats over normal allel