Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anthropology 201 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anthropology

A

Is the holistic and scientific study of humanity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Holism

A

The theory that the whole is greater than the sum of parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 layers of symbolic meaning

A
  1. Physical/material
  2. Symbolic
  3. Socially constructed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

4 fields of anthropology

A
  1. Cultural
  2. Archaeology
  3. Physical/biological
  4. Linguistic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cultural Anthropology

A

The study of contemporary human cultures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Applied Anthropology

A

component of anthropology that focuses

on resolving societal problems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Culture

A

patterns of learned and shared

beliefs and behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ethnography (culture writing)

A

descriptive study of
one culture, subculture,
or microculture based
on fieldwork.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thick description

A

reflex vs. gesture

Includes context when talking about behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ethnology

A

The comparative study of cultures with the aim of presenting analytical generalizations about human cultures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

archaeology

A

study of past cultures via material

remains.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Linguistics

A

study of human

language and communication,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ethnolinguistics

A

linguistics which studies the relationship between language and culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sociolinguistics

A

the study of how language serves and is shaped by the social nature of human beings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Physical Anthropology

A
  1. Study of human from biological perspective

2. Behavior Characteristics of Humans and nonhuman primates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Emic

A

descriptive reports
about what insiders
say and understand
about their culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Etic

A 
data gathering by
outsiders that yields
answers to particular
questions posed by
outsiders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

The idea that cultural traits are best understood
when viewed within the cultural context of which
they are a part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Absolute (Cultural Relativism)

A

whatever goes on in a
culture must not be
questioned by
outsiders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Critical (Cultural Relativism)

A 
poses questions about
cultural practices in
terms of who is
accepting them and
why.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

opposite of relativism is ethnocentrism. When you
see the world using only your own categories and
meanings.

22
Q

Postmodernism

A

school of anthropology that advocates the
switch from cultural generalization and laws
to description, interpretation, and the search
for meaning

23
Q

Acculturation

A

form of cultural diffusion in which
subordinate culture adopts may of the cultural
traits of a more powerful culture.

24
Q

Impact study

A

methodology to review the social effects of infrastructure projects and other development interventions.

25
Q

Diffusionism

A

A theory that stated that certain cultural

features were invented originally in one or several parts of the world and then spread to other cultures

26
Q

Colonialism

A

a social system in which one society dominates another through political and economic force.

27
Q

3 levels of culture

A
  1. Familial Culture
  2. Subculture
  3. Cultural Universe
28
Q

Ethnic Group

A

social group of people who identify with each other based on common ancestral, social, cultural, or national experience

29
Q

Types of human adaptation

A
  1. Genetically
  2. Developmentally
  3. Physiologically
  4. Via Culture & Technology
30
Q

Armchair Anthropology

A

Goal is prediction of behavior and beliefs-a focus on ‘other’ seemingly simple
cultures.

31
Q

Structural-functionalism

A

culture is structured to meet needs of individual within society

32
Q

Ideal culture

A

mind/spirit determines human

nature. People consciously do as they please.

33
Q

Materialism

A

physical matter determines

human nature

34
Q

Paleoanthropology

A

the study of the origins and predecessors of the present human species, using fossils and other remains.

35
Q

Primatology

A

The study of the evolutionary fossil record of our nearest living relatives, and their behaviors.

36
Q

Human Variation

A

How and Why physical traits vary throughout the world.

37
Q

Archaeology

A

The study of the life ways of people from the past by analyzing the material culture they have left behind.

38
Q

Cultural Resource Management (CRM)

A

The study of human speech and language

39
Q

Historical Linguistics

A

The emergence of language in general and how specific languages have wandered over time.

40
Q

Descriptive Linguistics

A

The study of sound system, grammatical systems, and the meanings attached to words in specific languages.

41
Q

Ethnolinguistics

A

The branch of Anthropology that examines the relationship between language and culture. 11

42
Q

Sociolinguistics

A

Examines the relationship between language and social relations.

43
Q

Ethnography

A

the scientific description of the customs of individual peoples and cultures.

44
Q

Holism

A

The theory that the whole is greater than the sum of parts

45
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one’s own culture.

46
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

Cultural relativism is an opinion that was established by Franz Boas

47
Q

Symbol

A

physical objects, colors, sounds, movements, scents which convey information through an arbitrary or culturally assigned meaning.

48
Q

Culture Shock

A

The psychological disorientation caused by trying to adjust to lifestyle/living condition changes

49
Q

Subculture

A

a cultural group within a larger culture, often having beliefs or interests at variance with those of the larger culture.

50
Q

Enculturation

A

acquiring culture after we are born

51
Q

Monochronic Cultures

A

Cultures in which time is organized sequentially; schedules and deadlines are valued over people.

Anthropology 201 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions