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Env. Bio > Exam #1 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Define and distinguish this method from other ways of knowing things

A

A question must be testable, and as a rule, that test must be repeatable

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1
Q

What are the basic steps in the scientific method?

A 
1- observation 
2- hypothesis 
3- testing the hypothesis 
4- results 
5- conclusion/discussion
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2
Q

Model

A

A hypothetical description of a complex entity or process.

Ex: before an animal was sent into space, a model was constructed.

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3
Q

Systems

A

A real or imaginary boundary separates the system from the rest of the universe
- intellectual creations to manage information
Ex: cardiovascular system

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4
Q

What is a theory

A

A theory is the most confident explanation scientists have based on the evidence
“A well substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world”

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5
Q

What are 4 characteristics you can use to distinguish between living and non-living things?

A
  • reproduction
  • metabolize
  • response to stimuli
  • evolves
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6
Q

What is science?

A

The systematic study of the observable world and how it works

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7
Q

What are the emergent properties of life?

A

A characteristic of a system that does not appear in any of the systems components parts.
“Life emerges not from its parts, but the organizations of those parts”

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8
Q

How are emergent properties maintained?

A

Maintained by code(dna), energy and processes

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9
Q

What are the three domains of life?

A

1) bacteria (no nucleus)
2) archaea (no nucleus)
3) eukarya

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10
Q

Name the kingdoms within the Eukaryota.

A

1- Protists
2- kingdom plantae
3- kingdom fungi
4- kingdom animalia

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11
Q

What is an Autotroph?

A

An organism that makes its own food, ability to sustain itself without eating other organisms or their molecules.
(Independent bitches)

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12
Q

What is a Heterotroph?

A

An organism that cannot make its own organic food, must eat an organism to gain molecules

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13
Q

Prokaryote

A

Without a nucleus

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14
Q

Eukaryote

A

With a nucleus

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15
Q

Define evolution

A

Species living today are descendants of ancestral modification

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16
Q

Pathogen

A

An agent, such as a virus, bacteria, or fungus that causes diseases.

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17
Q

Vector

A

an organism, often an invertebrate arthropod, that transmits a pathogen from reservoir to host

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18
Q

Define zoonotic

A

A disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans.

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19
Q

What do you get when you cross donkey& horse?

A

An infertile fucking mule

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20
Q

Heredity

A

The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.

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21
Q

Atomic number

A

The same unique # of protons

22
Q

Atomic mass

A

The total mass of an atom, approx equals the mass #

Ex: adding up the proton + neutron

23
Q

Covalent bond

A

A strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of outer-shell electrons.
Ex: h2o
- strongest

24
Q

Ionic bond

A

A chemical bond that results from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.

25
Q

Define semipermeable membrane

A

Characterized by the fact that they allow substances to diffuse through them, while blocking others.

26
Q

Define solution

A

A liquid that is homogenous mixture of two or more substances.

27
Q

Define solutes

A

A substance that is dissolved in a solution

28
Q

Define solvent

A

The dissolving agent of a solution

Ex: water

29
Q

Define water potential

A

The potential for water to move across a membrane. This is an energy unit.

30
Q

Define hypertonic

A

OVER.
Solution with a higher solute concentration.
Ex: lose water

31
Q

Define isotonic

A

Referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, has no effect on the passage of water into/out of the cell.
Ex: equal

32
Q

Define hypotonic

A

UNDER.

Lowers overall concentration of solutes

33
Q

Define osmosis

A

The movement of a solvent across a semi-permeable membrane, down a concentration gradient.

34
Q

Define diffusion

A

The movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration toward an area of lower concentration.

35
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

A process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance, than to a change in physical form or nuclear reaction.

36
Q

What is an isotope

A

One of several atomic forms of an element, each with the same # of proton, but a different # of neutrons.

37
Q

Example of isotope

A

Carbon 12 and carbon 14 are both isotopes of carbon, one with 6 neutrons and one with 8 neutrons (both with 6 protons)

38
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis

A

CO2+H2o —-> CH2o+O2

39
Q

Define pandemic

A

Disease; prevalent over a whole county or world

40
Q

Define malaria

A

An intermittent and remittent fever caused by a protozoan parasite that invaded the red blood cells. Usually transmitted by mosquitoes in many tropical and subtropical regions

41
Q

Define plasmodium

A

commonly known as the malaria parasite, is a large genus of parasitic Protozoa.

42
Q

Define hydrophilic

A

Substances that cannnn go into solution with water

43
Q

Define hydrophobic

A

Substances that CANNOT go into solution with water.

Ex: hydro- water, phobic-to fear

44
Q

Define cohesion

A

Water molecules attracted to each other

45
Q

Define adhesion

A

Water attracted to other charged or polar substances

46
Q

What’s is a producer

A

Make their own food using energy and simple raw materials they get directly from their environments

47
Q

What is a consumer

A

Organisms that gets energy/nutrients by feeding on tissues, wastes, or remains of other organisms

48
Q

Define thermodynamics

A

The study of energy transformations that can occur in a collection of matter

49
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics

A
  • law of energy conservation
  • states the energy in the universe is constant
  • energy can be transferred/ transformed but not created or destroyed
50
Q

What is entropy

A

Measure of a disorder or randomness

(The greater the entropy, the. The more randomly arranged a collection of matter is

51
Q

What is the second law of thermodynamics

A

Energy conservations increase the entropy (disorder) of the universe

52
Q

Electrolyte

A

A substance which forms ions in an aqueous solutions

Env. Bio (1 decks)

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