Exam 1 Flashcards
The concept used in IR to explain the interconnection of state relations and give it the effects of internal state events on other states within the global community.
Globalization
The study of the relationships among the worlds government within the context of state and non state actors, social structures and geographical and historical influences.
International Relations
Having to do what is best for all so that everyone can get something rather than acting self interested in pursuit of having the most.
Collective Action Problem/Tragedy of the Commons
A more realist approach to IR that uses a principle for solving the collective action problem by imposing solutions hierarchically - meaning that the states with the most power are over those with less power. The “great power politics” theory relies on peace through power. The reliance is on hegemony and superpowers to control international events.
Dominance
A more liberal approach to IR that uses Game Theory to explain that states are rewarded for behavior that helps the group and punished for self interested behavior which is enforced by the states themselves. “I’ll scratch your back if you scratch mine” and “tit for tat”
Reciprocity
A liberal approach to IR that uses the idea that all members are a part of a community and that community interests are to be. Considered to be in the self interest of the individual members.
Identity
A territorial entity controlled by a sovereign government with defined borders and is inhabited by a population. HAS A LEADER WHO IS HEAD OF THE GOVERNMENT
State
Referred to as transnational actors. Ex. - IGO’s: UN, NGO’s :the Red Cross, MNC’s: Exxon, Terrorist Groups: IRA, and Individuals: Bono.
Non-state actors
Personality, perceptions, choices, activities of DM’s provide explanation or answer.
Individual Level of Analysis
Domestic factors such as type of gov’t, economic system, interest groups, national interests.
State (dyadic) Level of Analysis
Anarchic characteristics of the system, international/regional organizations.
Systemic Level of Analysis
Roughly 45 years of high level tension and competition between the superpowers with no direct military conflicts. (Proxy wars - US/USSR clash in third world states, supply arms.)
Cold War
Try to keep communism from spreading or states with fall like dominoes
Containment Strategy
Mutually Assured Destruction/2nd strike capabilities (balance of power)
Nuclear Deterrence
Set up the west German government, considered the beginning of NATO
Marshall Plan
A theory in international relations which seeks to explain the factors that affect how states interact in the international system.
Paradigm
Based on classical politics (power politics) in which interests are defined in terms of power. States act to protect their power positions in the system (security dilemma). REALPOLITIK BY HANS MORGANTHAU
Realism
Part of Classical realism where the most important actors have territorial base / control territory (state actors)
State Centrism
Part of classical realism where stare behavior can be explained rationally (cost/benefit analysis, expected utility)
Rationality
Element of classical realism in which states seek power and calculate their interest in terms of power (millitary)
Power
Elements of structure in the international system to determine patterns of behavior. WALTZ
Neorealism
Element of neorealism where a state has no supreme authority / state can determine own course of action.
Anarchy
Element of neorealism where interacting units have some basic function. (Security, welfare state survival)
Unit Functional Homogeneity
Element of neorealism where there is a balance of power between states (only element that varies in the system and most appropriate to explain changes in behavior.
Distribution of power (capabilities)
As one state becomes more secure by increasing their power, others states become insecure
Security Dilemma
To get an actor to do what it would not have otherwise have done
Positive Power
To stop another actor from taking some action it would have taken if left alone.
Negative Power
A term that applies to the lack of central govt that can enforce rules/ self help system.
Anarchy
Government has the right to do whatever it wants in it’s own territory (in principle).
Sovereignty
Theory that one or more states power is being used to balance that of another state or group of states.
Balance of Power
Multiple powers in the intl system leading to less war because stated have less attention to give to various conflicts.
Mulipolar
2 major powers in the intl system leading to less war because the two states balance each other and both prevent war between states within their blocs
Bipolar
One major power in the intl system leading to less war because there are no states powerful enough to challenge the major power.
Hegemony
Bloc (side) with the more powerful state because you believe they will win
Bandwagoning
Bloc (side) with the less powerful states to balance the more powerful state.
Balance against
Two major poles balance each other and other states in the international system bloc with one pole and are ranked by their respective poles who subsequently influence the state behavior.
Hierarchical equilibrium theory
With one most powerful state, there will be decreased conflicts because the most powerful state can keep other states in check.
Hegemonic stability theory
States gaining or losing power in the itnl system are more likely to initiate a conflict in order to gain or maintain a position by initiating a conflict in order to quickly win a conflict while still having an advantage.
Power transition theory
The goal of this is to provide collective security but it can cause states to engage in a conflict. Typically will be in one with states that have the same form of govt as themselves.
Alliance
States use a cost benefit analysis to dictate actions - what will help the state achieve the desired outcome while decreasing costs.
Strategy
Systematically analyze policy choices (state as unitary actor)
Game Theory
A. Individuals as relevant actors
B. understand how individuals make collective decisions how orgs composed of individuals interact.
C. Analysis in world view to stress individual rights/ameliorative view of progress in human affairs.
Liberalism
Explain why states cooperate under anarchy under certain conditions.
Neoliberal Institutionalism
States act together to prevent any other state from acting aggressively/punished through societal norms
Collective Security
Democracies don’t fight each other at the state or dyadic levels of analysis. GELLAR/SINGER/FUKUYOMA
Democratic peace
All based on economics, actions dictated by economic status. Requires a case specific approach that rejects generalizations and theories can only be applied in certain situations rather than under certain conditions.
Radical theory
Question the meaning of states in favor of a multifaceted approach meaning this events are open to interpretation (multiple realities)
Post-Modernism
Those highly developed states (core) will exploit undeveloped states (periphery) in order to maintain their position in he the international system while the semi periphery are rendered unable to continue to develop but less exploited. ECONOMIC DETERMINISM
Dependency Theory
Return to concepts / how states define any concept or any other state action affects how they will react. Study is focused on the norms and practices of individuals and the collectivity with no distinction made b/w domestic politics and international politics How the states relate will explain their behavior / power as ideas, culture, language
WENDT
Constructivism
considered a rational choice if all states receive some benefit
Absolute gains
considered a rational choice ONLY if a state receives more than other states
Relative gains
CHANGE POLICIES BASED ON NEW INFORMATION
OR A NEW INTREPRETATION OF THE SITUATION
WHICH CAUSES THE GOVERNMENT TO CHANGE
THEIR POLICY TO BETTER ADDRESS THE PROBLEM
Foreign policy substitution
