Exam 1

Question 0

Physiological Mitochondrial Membrane Characteristics

Answer 0

Fission/fusion || in equilibrium for constant content mixing and refreshing and different transport needs

Inner and outer membranes || electron transport and H exchange

Cristae (nice orderly compartments)

High levels of oxygen

Question 1

Common Mechanisms Degeneration

Answer 1

Mitochondrial dysfunction || apoptosis || proteostasis

Question 2

Hypoxia

Answer 2

Lack/low levels of oxygen
Induces vacuolization (can be seen as white spaces in mitochondria, where the cristae should be)
Insult that makes mitochondria susceptible to second insult

Question 3

Oxidative stress

Answer 3

By ROS, release of reactive species as mitos rupture

Question 4

Lipofuscin

Answer 4

Concentration of oxidized fatty acids, lysosomal material, measure of mitochondrial dysfunction (oxidative stress)

Question 5

Superoxide ion

Answer 5

HOOH || huge oxidizing ability, super dangerous

Question 6

SOD1

Answer 6

Antioxidant activity (particularly important in ALS)