exam #1

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

chemistry

Answer 2

science that deals with matter; the structure and properties of matter and the transformation matter undergoes

Question 3

chemical change

Answer 3

results in a change in the composition and identity of a substance

Question 4

physical change

Answer 4

results in a change in the physical appearance of a substance without changing its composition and identity

Question 5

chemical properties

Answer 5

type of chemical reaction that a substance will undergo

Question 6

physical properties

Answer 6

type of properties that can be observed without changing a substance composition or identity

Question 7

hypothesis

Answer 7

possible explanation of an observation

Question 8

qualitative observation

Answer 8

doesnt have measurement e.g. color, odor

Question 9

quantitative observation

Answer 9

involves a measurement e.g. 2.5 oz

Question 10

experimentation

Answer 10

experiment produces data that is used to support or reject the hypothesis

Question 11

theory

Answer 11

a hypothesis that has gained widespread acceptance due to testing

Question 12

scientific law

Answer 12

a.ka. “natural law” ; summarizes what is consistently observed throughout nature

Question 13

sig figs

Answer 13

includes all of the certain digits of a measurement plus the first uncertant digit

Question 14

mass

Answer 14

base unit in the gram; a measure of the amount of matter in an object

Question 15

volume

Answer 15

space occupied by an object

Question 16

length

Answer 16

base unit in the meter

Question 17

scientific method

Answer 17

1. observation
2. ask a question
3. develope an explanation
4. experimentation
5. summarizing information

Question 18

time

Answer 18

base unit in seconds

Question 19

temperature

Answer 19

a measure of the degree of “hotness” of an object

Question 20

conversion factors

Answer 20

to convert from one unit to the other

Question 21

factor-labeled method

Answer 21

method that uses conversion factors in problem solving

Question 22

density

Answer 22

ratio of mass to volume

Question 23

specific gravity

Answer 23

density of a substance over density of H2O at 4 degree celcius (no units)

Question 24

energy

Answer 24

capacity to do work

Question 25

kinetic energy

Answer 25

energy of motion

Question 26

potential energy

Answer 26

stored energy or energy of position

Question 27

heat

Answer 27

energy that flows from a hotter object to a colder object; temp. is property of heat (not the same)

Question 28

calorie(cal)

Answer 28

amount of energy that is required to raise the temp. # of calories depend on the amount of material being heated

Question 29

joule (j)

Answer 29

1J= energy required to life a 2 pound book or 1 beat of a human heart

Question 30

specific heat

Answer 30

the amount of heat energy that is necessary to raise the temp. of 1g of any substance by 1 degree celcius

Question 31

atoms

Answer 31

smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical property of the element

Question 32

elements

Answer 32

a substance that consists of identical atoms . 118 known, 94 natural

Question 33

compounds

Answer 33

pure substance made up of two or more elements in a fixed ratio by mass

Question 34

mixture

Answer 34

combination of 2 or more substance in which substance retains its identity

Question 35

molecule

Answer 35

tightly bound combination of two or more atoms that act as a single unit

Question 36

isotopes

Answer 36

number of protons is characteristic for a particular atom

Question 37

atomic weight

Answer 37

most naturally occurring substances are a mixture of isotopes

Question 38

periodic table

Answer 38

1869: Dmitri Mendeleev (Russian) and Lothar Meyer (German)