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CHEM 1020 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Properties of metals

A
  • Solids at room temperature (exception Hg)
  • Conduct electricity and heat very well
  • Very high melting points
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2
Q

Properties of non-metals

A
  • Solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature
  • Poor conductors of heat and electricity
  • Lower melting points than metals.
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3
Q

Properties of metalloids

A

-Gradual change between metals and nonmetals

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4
Q

Atom

A

The smallest identifiable unit of an element

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5
Q

Molecule

A

Two or more atoms chemically joined in a specific arrangement.

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6
Q

Properties of solids

A
  • Atoms are packed together very closely and very tightly.
  • Atoms can vibrate, but do not move past one another
  • Solids have a fixed volume and fixed shape
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7
Q

Properties of liquids

A
  • Not as tightly packed as solids
  • Free to move past one another
  • Shape is variable, but volume is fixed
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8
Q

Properties of gases

A
  • Lots of space between atoms
  • Free to move anywhere
  • Shape and volume are variable
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9
Q

Pure substance

A

Something that is composed of only a single type of atom or molecule.
Ex: Cu or H20

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10
Q

Element

A

A substance that cannot be broken down into other atoms.

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11
Q

Compound

A

Substance that may be broken down into other elements.
Ex: H2O –> 2H, O
CO2

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12
Q

Mixture

A

Two or more elements/atoms or compounds/molecules present in variable proportions
(Coffee, chicken noodle soup.)

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13
Q

Heterogeneous Mixture

A

Composition varies throughout the sample

chicken noodle soup

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14
Q

Homogenous Mixture

A

Uniform composition throughout mixture (tea, wine)

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15
Q

Physical Change

A

Change in the state/phase/or appearance

ice cube->water->steam

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16
Q

Physical Property

A

A property that can be displayed without changing the chemical composition
Ex: color, odor, phase at RM,MP,BP

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17
Q

Chemical Change

A

Change in composition of matter. It becomes a different substance
Fe2+car->Rust

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18
Q

Chemical Property

A

Substance is changed to a new substance

Burnt match, curdled milk

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19
Q

Mass

A

A measure of the quantity of mass or matter in an object

20
Q

Weight

A

A measure of the gravitational pull on an object

21
Q

Temperature

A

A measure of the kinetic energy (energy of motion) of the atoms or molecules.

22
Q

D=

A

Mass/Volume (Mass=Density*Volume)

23
Q

Volume=

A

LWH (1cm3= 1mL)

24
Q

Precision

A

How clue together your data points are

25
Q

Accuracy

A

How close your value is to the true value

26
Q

Systematic Error

A

Consistent error

27
Q

Law of Conservation of Mass

A

In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created or destroyed.

28
Q

Law of Definite Proportions

A

A compound is always made up of the same relative masses of the elements that compose it.
Water will always be 2H, 1O

29
Q

Law of Multiple Proportions

A

Any time two or more elements combine in different ratios, a different compound is formed.

30
Q

Atomic Theory

A
  • Each element is composed of tiny indestructible particles called atoms
  • All atoms of a given element have the same mass and other properties that distinguish them from atoms of a different element
  • Atoms combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds
  • Atoms of one element cannot change into atoms of another element.
31
Q

Nuclear Theory

A
  • Atoms are mostly empty space
  • There are small, dense regions in the atoms (nucleus)
  • Protons present to make the atom neutral.
32
Q

Atomic Number

A

-# of protons in the nucleus.

33
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms with the same number of protons (the same element) but have different number of neutrons.

34
Q

Ion

A

Charged particle

35
Q

anion

A

Non-metal. Negative charge. Tend to gain electrons.

36
Q

Cation

A

Metal. Positive charge. Tend to lose electrons

37
Q

Ionic Bond

A

Formed between cations and anions (metals and nonmetals). Opposite charges are attracted to each other, and is what holds them together. Usually very hard to break

38
Q

Covalent Bond

A

Atoms are all non-metals; share electrons

39
Q

Empirical Formula

A

Gives the relative number of elements in a compound in the simplest whole number ratio

40
Q

Molecular Formula

A

Gives the actual number of elements in a compound

41
Q

Molecular elements

A

two or more atoms of the same element bonded together are the base units.
Diatomic elements: H O N F Cl Br I

42
Q

Ionic compounds

A

Form ionic bonds (between metal and nonmetal)

43
Q

Covalent compounds

A

two or more nonmetal covalently boned

44
Q

Oxyanion

A

Compound that contains oxygen and one other element (most polyatomic ions are oxyanions)

45
Q

Combustion Analysis

A

A reaction in which a compound burns in the presence of oxygen to give carbon dioxide and water

CHEM 1020 (2 decks)

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