Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochem 1 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Macronutrients

A

required in gram quantities/day ie carbs, lipids, proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Micronutrients

A

required in milligrams or microgram quantities/day ie vitamins and minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

proteins

A

4 kcal/g 4 Cal/g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Energy

A

listed as Calories or kilocalories = amnt of heat needed to raise the temp of 1 kg of H2O by 1 C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

1 calorie (cal)

A

= raise 1g water by 1 C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Carbs

A

4 Cal/g 4 kcal/g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lipids

A

9 Cal/g 9 kcal/g much more non polar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Water soluable vitamins

A

C, B vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pH of pure water

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

pH stomach acid

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pH of small intestine

A

8.2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pH of urine

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pH of blood

A

7.35-7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

physiologic pH

A

7.4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

increase of H+

A

decrease in pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

decrease of H+

A

increase of pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Acidosis

A

accumulation of acid or loss of base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Alkalosis

A

accumulation of base or loss of acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

protein buffer system

A

main intracellular buffer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

increase in CO2 makes more H2CO3, causes pH to decrease

A

acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Decrease in CO2 causes pH to increase

A

alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

respiratory center of the brain

A

acts as a buffer to control pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

respiratory buffers

A

seconds to minutes to restore pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

renal buffers

A

hours to days pH under control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

acidosis

A

anything that does not allow the lungs to exhale excess CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

alkalosis

A

excessive removal of CO2 through hyperventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

plasma membrane

A

provides protection while still allowing sufficient exposure to environment for nourishment and waste removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

smooth ER

A

cytochrome P450 responsible for drug and hormone metabolism. entire job is to hydroxelate allows vit D to be processed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

LEO says GER

A

lose electron oxidation gain electron reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

hydrocarbon pure solution

A

LDF

32
Q

alcohol pure solution

A

LDF, dip-dip, h-bond

33
Q

aldehyde pure solution

A

LDF, dip-dip

34
Q

ketone pure solution

A

LDF, dip-dip

35
Q

carboxylic acid pure solution

A

LDF, dip-dip, h-bond

36
Q

ester pure solution

A

LDF, dip-dip

37
Q

ether pure solution

A

LDF, dip-dip

38
Q

ionic, polar, non-polar

A

covalent interactions

39
Q

ion-dipole, hydrogen, dip-dip, ldf

A

non-covalent interactions

40
Q

what increases efficiency of enzamatic digestion

A

enzyme inhibition and increased surface area

41
Q

which is not important for increasing surface area in digestion

A

swallowing

42
Q

enzymes in mouth

A

carbs, lipids, proteins

43
Q

medulla

A

regulates swallowing

44
Q

fundus

A

gas collector

45
Q

Gastrin- stimulant for release

A

antrum distention; vagus nerve impulses triggered by site/smell of food; proteins

46
Q

Gastrin- effect

A

HCL secretion and mucosal growth

47
Q

secretin opposes gastrin action - stim 4 release

A

acidic chyme in duodenum

48
Q

secretin- effect

A

stims pepsinogen secretion, decreases gastric motility

49
Q

cholecystokinin (CCK) stim 4 release

A

fat or protein rich chyme in duodenum

50
Q

cholecystokinin (CCK) effect

A

decreases gastric emptying

51
Q

gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) stim 4 release

A

fatty acids, amino acids, and some carbs

52
Q

gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) efect

A

decreses gastric motility

53
Q

motilin stim 4 release

A

fasted state

54
Q

motilin effect

A

increases motility

55
Q

which cell of body secretes HCL

A

parietal

56
Q

chyme is released to small intestine through

A

pyloric sphincter 2 tsp/min

57
Q

gastric emptying liquid meal

A

1-2hrs

58
Q

gastric emptying solid meal

A

2-6hrs

59
Q

gastric emptying fastest

A

starchy or processed carbs

60
Q

gastric emptying medium speed

A

protein

61
Q

gastric emptying slowest

A

soluble fiber

62
Q

jejunum and ilium togetehr

A

~9ft long

63
Q

1st layer SI

A

Mucosa- innermost mucous membrane, produces/releases enzymes/brushborder enzymes, hormones, digestive juices

64
Q

2nd layer SI

A

submucosa- connective tissue, regulates secretions frm mucosal glands, mucosal movement and blood flow

65
Q

3rd layer SI

A

muscularis externa, 2 layers of smooth (circular and longitudinal) necessary for peristalsis

66
Q

4th layer SI

A

serosa aka adventitia- membrane protective coating

67
Q

villi and microvilli

A

increases surface area for enhanced nutrient absorption ~250m^2

68
Q

speed of intestinal contents in SI

A

1cm/min

69
Q

finger-like projection in the SI

A

villi

70
Q

enzymes in SI

A

carbs, proteines, enterokinase (required to activate trypsin)

71
Q

pancreas

A

bicarbonate, neutralizes acidic chyme

72
Q

secretin stim 4 release in pancreas

A

acidic chyme in duodenum

73
Q

secretin effect in pancreas

A

stim bicarbonate secretion

74
Q

cholecystokinin (CCK) stim 4 release in pancreas

A

fat or protein rich chyme in duodenum

75
Q

cholecystokinin (CCK) effect in pancreas

A

stim secretion of enzymes and bicarbonate

76
Q

gastric inhibitory peptide stim 4 release in pancreas

A

fatty acids, amino acids, and some carbs

77
Q

gastric inhibitory peptide effect in pancreas

A

stimulates insulin synthesis and secretion

Biochem 1 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions