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Chemistry/Physics > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

Equation to find the slope for a line

A

m=Y2-Y1
——–
X2-X1

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1
Q

slope intercept equation

A

Y=mx + b

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2
Q

How close the average of measured values are to the true value

A

Accuracy

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3
Q

How close measured values are to each other

A

Precision

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4
Q

Standard deviation is a measure of

A

Precision

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5
Q

Variables with discrete or qualitative values

A

Categorical variables

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6
Q

Variables that can be measured along a continuum

A

Continuous variables

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7
Q

What is scalar?

A

Speed

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8
Q

What is a vector?

A

Velocity (has directionality, measured by displacement)

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9
Q

Example of Categorical variable:
No intrinsic order
Ex: shirt colors

A

Nominal

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10
Q

Example of Categorical variable:
Have order
Ex: Tofu

A

Ordinal

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11
Q

Example of Categorical variable:
Only 2 values
Ex: gender

A

Dichotomous

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12
Q

Example of Continuous variable:
Numeric value and is measured
Ex: Height and age

A

Interval

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13
Q

Example of Continuous variable:
Like interval, but value of zero indicates there is nothing.
Ex: years of experience, age, height (temp. is not unless using the Kelvin scale)

A

Ratio

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14
Q

Misinterpretation of accurate variables.

False conclusion that a particular exposure is causally related to a disease without adjusting for other factors.

A

Confounding

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15
Q

Caused by systematic variation, a bigger sample size will not help and statistical analysis often will not reveal this

A

Bias

16
Q

Caused by random variations in subjects and measurements. A bigger sample size will help with this.

A

Chance

17
Q

Experimental study in which the exposure status (assign to active drug vs. placebo) is determined by the investigator.

A

Clinical Trial

18
Q

Clinical trial in which assignment to an exposure is determined by chance.

A

Randomized controlled trial

19
Q

Observational study in which subjects with an exposure of interest (hypertension) and subjects without the exposure are identified and then followed forward in time to determine outcomes (stroke). Type of longitudinal study.
Can take a long time, rules out bias.
This can be calculated in these studies?

A

Cohort study

Relative Risk

20
Q

Observational study that first identifies a group of subjects with a certain disease, and then looks back in time to find exposure to risk factors for the disease. Good for rare diseases.

This is often used to calculate the relative risk in this study?

A

Case-Control Study

Odds Ratio

21
Q

Observational study that is done to examine presence or absence of a disease or presence or absence of an exposure at a particular time. Go out and survey people, ask questions.

A

Cross-Sectional Study

22
Q

Descriptive study that reports on a single or a series of patients with a certain disease. Generates but does not test a hypothesis because it does not include a comparison group.

A

Case report or case series

23
Q

The rate at which something occurs (new cases) in a specified period of time.

A

Incidence

24
Q

Number of people in population affected, who currently have the disease divided by the number of persons in the population at that time.

A

Prevalence

25
Q

The ability of the test to identify correctly those who have the disease

A

Sensitivity (Sn)

26
Q

The ability of the test to identify correctly those who do not have the disease

A

Specificity (Sp)

27
Q

What patients really care about - mortality, morbidity & cost.

A

Patient Oriented Evidence that Matters (POEM)

28
Q

Patients do not care about this. Vast majority of medical journals involve this. While suggestive, these studies can be misleading.
Ex: BP, blood sugar, cholesterol

A

Disease Oriented Evidence (DOE)

29
Q

Groups of atoms chemically bonded together by covalent bonds. Electrically neutral. Electron sharing. Bond between 2 non metals.

A

Molecular Compound

30
Q

Contain positively and negatively charged ions. Metal and nonmetal. Gain or lose electrons, do not share.

A

Ionic Compound

31
Q

Can be observed or measured.
Ex:
1) color, density
2) mass, volume

A

Physical properties

1) intrinsic
2) extrinsic

Chemistry/Physics (2 decks)

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