Exam 1

Question 1

The Fahrenheit thermometer scale is

Answer 1

no more accurate than the Celsius scale.

Question 2

On the Celsius temperature scale

Answer 2

the numbers relate to the boiling and freezing of water.

Question 3

Internal energy refers to the

Answer 3

total potential and kinetic energy of the molecules.

Question 4

External energy refers to the

Answer 4

total potential energy and kinetic energy of an object that you can measure directly.

Question 5

Heat is the

Answer 5

total internal energy of an object.

Question 6

The specific heat of copper is 0.093 cal/gC°, and the specific heat of aluminum is 0.22 cal/gC°. The same amount of energy applied to equal masses, say, 50.0 g of copper and aluminum, will result in

Answer 6

a higher temperature for copper.

Question 7

The specific heat of water is 1.00 cal/gC°, and the specific heat of ice is 0.500 cal/gC°. The same amount of energy applied to equal masses, say, 50.0 g of water and ice, will result in (assume the ice does not melt)

Answer 7

a greater temperature increase for the ice.

Question 8

The transfer of heat that takes place by the movement of groups of molecules with higher kinetic energy is

Answer 8

convection.

Question 9

The transfer of heat that takes place by energy moving through space is

Answer 9

radiation.

Question 10

The transfer of heat that takes place directly from molecule to molecule is

Answer 10

conduction.

Question 11

The evaporation of water cools the surroundings, and the condensation of this vapor

Answer 11

warms the surroundings.

Question 12

The heat involved in the change of phase from solid ice to liquid water is called

Answer 12

latent heat of fusion.

Question 13

The energy supplied to a system in the form of heat, minus the work done by the system, is equal to the change in internal energy. This statement describes the

Answer 13

first law of thermodynamics.

Question 14

If you want to move heat from a region of cooler temperature to a region of warmer temperature, you must supply energy. This is described by the

Answer 14

second law of thermodynamics.

Question 15

More molecules are returning to the liquid state than are leaving the liquid state. This process is called

Answer 15

condensation.

Question 16

The temperature of a gas is proportional to the

Answer 16

average kinetic energy of the gas molecules.

Question 17

The temperature known as room temperature is nearest to

Answer 17

20°C.

Question 18

Using the Kelvin temperature scale, the freezing point of water is correctly written as

Answer 18

273 K.

Question 19

The specific heat of soil is 0.20 kcal/kgC°, and the specific heat of water is 1.00 kcal/kgC°. This means that if 1 kg of soil and 1 kg of water each receives 1 kcal of energy, ideally,

Answer 19

the soil will be 4°C warmer than the water.

Question 20

Styrofoam is a good insulating material because

Answer 20

it contains many tiny pockets of air.

Question 21

The transfer of heat that takes place because of density difference in fluids is

Answer 21

convection.

Question 22

Latent heat is “hidden” because it

Answer 22

goes into or comes out of internal potential energy.

Question 23

As a solid undergoes a phase change to a liquid, it

Answer 23

absorbs heat while remaining at a constant temperature.

Question 24

A heat engine is designed to

Answer 24

convert heat into mechanical energy.

Question 25

The work that a heat engine is able to accomplish is ideally equivalent to the

Answer 25

difference between the heat supplied and the heat rejected.

Question 26

Suppose ammonia is spilled in the back of a large room. If there were no air currents, how would the room temperature influence how fast you would smell ammonia at the opposite side of the room?

Answer 26

Warmer is faster.

Question 27

Which of the following contains the most heat?

Answer 27

A barrel of water at 0°C.

Question 28

Anytime a temperature difference occurs, you can expect

Answer 28

heat movement from any higher-temperature region.

Question 29

The cheese on a hot pizza takes a long time to cool because it

Answer 29

has a high specific heat.

Question 30

The specific heat of copper is roughly three times as great as the
specific heat of gold. Which of the following is true for equal masses of copper and gold?

Answer 30

A piece of copper stores three times as much heat at the same temperature.

Question 31

Cooking pans made from which of the following metals would need less heat to achieve a certain cooking temperature?

Answer 31

Copper (specific heat 0.093 kcal/kgC°)

Question 32

Conduction best takes place in a

Answer 32

solid.

Question 33

Convection best takes place in a (an)

Answer 33

fluid.

Question 34

Radiation is the only method of heat transfer that can take place in a

Answer 34

vacuum.

Question 35

What form of heat transfer will warm your body without warming the air in a room?
a. Conduction.

Answer 35

Radiation.

Question 36

When you add heat to a substance, its temperature

Answer 36

might stay the same.

Question 37

The great cooling effect produced by water evaporating comes

from its high

Answer 37

latent heat.

Question 38

At temperatures above freezing, the evaporation rate can equal the condensation rate only at

Answer 38

any temperature.

Question 39

The phase change from ice to liquid water takes place at

Answer 39

constant temperature.

Question 40

Which of the following has the greatest value for liquid water?

Answer 40

Latent heat of vaporization.

Question 41

Which of the following supports the second law of thermodynamics?

Answer 41

Energy tends to degrade, becoming of lower and lower

quality.

Question 42

The second law of thermodynamics tells us that the amount of disorder, called entropy, is always increasing. Does the growth of a plant or animal violate the second law?

Answer 42

No, the total entropy of the universe increases.

Question 43

The heat death of the universe in the future is when the universe is supposed to

Answer 43

freeze at a uniform low temperature.