Exam 1

Question 0

What are some terms and concepts that describe Adlerian therapy’s basic philosophy?

Answer 0

Motivated by social interest and goals; inferiority and superiority; life tasks; people interpret, influence, and create events.

Question 1

What are some terms and concepts that describe psychoanalytic theory’s basic philosophy?

Answer 1

Psychic energy; early experiences; unconscious motives; sexual and aggressive impulses; repressed memories.

Question 2

What are some terms and concepts that describe Existential therapy’s basic philosophy?

Answer 2

Focus is on the human condition; freedom of choice; responsibility; search for meaning; anxiety; striving for authenticity; feelings of loneliness; fear of death.

Question 3

What are some terms and concepts that describe Person-centered therapy’s basic philosophy?

Answer 3

View of humans is positive; desire to be fully functioning; feelings that were previously denied.

Question 4

What are some terms and concepts that describe Gestalt therapy’s basic philosophy?

Answer 4

Wholeness and integration; thoughts, feelings, behaviors, dreams and memories carry equal weight; nondeterministic; here and now awareness; personal choice/responsibility.

Question 5

Goals of psychoanalytic therapy…

Answer 5

Making the unconscious, conscious; reconstruction of personality; relive early experiences and work through repressed conflicts; achieve intellectual and emotional awareness.

Question 6

Goals of Adlerian therapy…

Answer 6

Challenge clients basic premises and life goals; increase social interest; develop sense of belonging.

Question 7

Goals of Existential therapy…

Answer 7

Sense of freedom; awareness of possibilities; accepting responsibility; identify factors that block freedom.

Question 8

Goals of Person-centered therapy…

Answer 8

Provide safe environment where clients can self-explore; experience firmly denied aspects of self; sense of openness, trust, aliveness; find meaning in life and experience it fully; become self-directed.

Question 9

Goals of gestalt therapy…

Answer 9

Gain awareness; experience life moment-to-moment; integration of the self

Question 10

In psychoanalytic theory, what are the three constructs of the personality?

Answer 10

The id, the ego and the superego

Question 11

Describe the nature and function of the id…

Answer 11

First aspect of personality (present at birth); seat of instincts and basic drives; irrational, demanding, amoral; ruled by the pleasure principle; largely out of awareness.

Question 12

Describe the nature and function of the ego…

Answer 12

Governs, controls and regulates; ruled by the reality principle; mediates the desires of the id with the expectations of the environment; rational.

Question 13

Describe the nature and function of the superego…

Answer 13

A person’s conscience; moral code; represents the ideal; strives for perfection; rigid; responsible for feelings of esteem as well as guilt.

Question 14

On psychoanalytic theory, what is the function of ego-defense mechanisms and what two characteristics define them?

Answer 14

• Help the individual cope with anxiety
• Can become maladaptive if used to avoid facing reality

Two characteristics:

1. Deny or distort reality
2. Operate on an unconscious level

Question 15

Psychoanalytic: Defense Mechanism: Repression

Answer 15

Painful thoughts or feelings are excluded from awareness

Question 16

Psychoanalytic: Defense Mechanism: Denial

Answer 16

Refusing to acknowledge threatening aspects of reality.

Question 17

Psychoanalytic: Defense Mechanism: Reaction formation

Answer 17

Actively expressing the opposite impulse when confronted with a threatening impulse.

Ex: Concealing hate with excessive kindness

Question 18

Psychoanalytic: Defense Mechanism: Projection

Answer 18

Attributing to others one’s own unacceptable desires and impulses.

Question 19

Psychoanalytic: Defense Mechanism: Displacement

Answer 19

Directing energy toward another object or person when the original is not accessible.

Ex: Being unable to express feelings of anger/hostility to boss and instead expressing them towards family members

Question 20

Psychoanalytic: Defense Mechanism: Rationalization

Answer 20

Creating “good” reasons to heal a bruised ego.

Ex: Getting passed up for a promotion and telling yourself you didn’t really want it anyway.

Question 21

Psychoanalytic: Defense Mechanism: Sublimation

Answer 21

Diverting sexual or aggressive energy into other, more socially acceptable, channels.

Ex: Sports

Question 22

Psychoanalytic: Defense Mechanism: Regression

Answer 22

Going back to an earlier phase of development where there were fewer demands.

Done in the face of severe stress/challenge.

Ex: 8 year old child begins bed-wetting, tantrum throwing and thumb sucking after parents divorce.

Question 23

Psychoanalytic: Defense Mechanism: Introjection

Answer 23

Taking in and taking on the values of others.

Question 24

Psychoanalytic: Defense Mechanism: Identification

Answer 24

Identifying with successful causes, organizations or people in the hopes that you will be perceived as being worthwhile.

Question 25

Psychoanalytic: Defense Mechanism: Compensation

Answer 25

Masking perceived weaknesses or developing certain positive traits to make up for limitations.

Question 26

What are the five stages of Freud’s psychosexual theory?

Answer 26

Oral (birth-1); anal (1-3); phallic (3-6); latency (6-12); genital (12 and beyond)

Question 27

Erikson: Psychosocial Stages: Infancy

Answer 27

Trust vs mistrust

Question 28

Erikson: Psychosocial Stages: Early childhood (1-3)

Answer 28

Autonomy vs shame and doubt

Question 29

Erikson: Psychosocial Stages: Preschool (3-6)

Answer 29

Initiative vs guilt

Question 30

Erikson: Psychosocial Stages: School age (6-12)

Answer 30

Industry vs inferiority

Question 31

Erikson: Psychosocial Stages: Adolescence (12-18)

Answer 31

Identity vs role confusion

Question 32

Erikson: Psychosocial Stages: Young adulthood (18-35)

Answer 32

Intimacy vs isolation

Question 33

Erikson: Psychosocial Stages: Middle age (35-60)

Answer 33

Generativity vs stagnation

Question 34

Erikson: Psychosocial Stages: Later life (60+)

Answer 34

Integrity vs despair

Question 35

Adlerian therapy is phenomenological. What does this mean?

Answer 35

Therapist tries to view the world from the client’s subjective frame of reference; subjective reality is the way people perceive, interpret and make meaning of the world and is more important than objective reality.

Question 36

What is the Adlerian concept of lifestyle?

Answer 36

An individual’s lifestyle is the way in which their core beliefs and assumptions guide their movement through life.

Question 37

What is the Adlerian concept of birth order?

Answer 37

Five psychological positions that children tend to view life from due to their order of birth. Not deterministic, though one’s birth order may make more experiences and attributes more likely.

Question 38

Adler: Birth order: Oldest child

Answer 38

Spoiled during time when they’re the only child, but is removed from the center of attention when second child is born. Fearful that second child will rob them of the love they’re accustomed to. Become hardworking, dependable, ambitious and self-reliant.

Question 39

Adler: Birth order: Second child

Answer 39

Always in competitive struggle with oldest child. Usually achieves success in areas where the oldest has failed. Often opposite of first born.

Question 40

Adler: Birth order: Middle child

Answer 40

Often feels neglected. May feel life is unfair and that they’ve been cheated. Most likely to be the “problem child,” however can become the family’s peacekeeper.

Question 41

Adler: Birth order: Youngest child

Answer 41

The baby of the family, tends to be most pampered. Tend to go their own way in order to distinguish themselves from the other children. Usually develop in ways the rest of the family hasn’t thought of it.

Question 42

Adler: Birth order: Only child

Answer 42

Shares some of the characteristics of the oldest child, such as high achievement drive, but may not learn to share or cooperate with others. Will learn how to deal with adults well since they make up her first social circle. May become dependent on parents.