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Molecular Biology > exam 1 & 2 practice test > Flashcards

exam 1 & 2 practice test Flashcards

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1
Q

how many rings do purines have

A

2 rings

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2
Q

how many rings do pyrimidines have

A

1 ring

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3
Q

how many H bonds are in the A-T bond

A

2

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4
Q

how many bonds are in the C-G bond

A

3

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5
Q

what is a palindrome in a DNA sequence

A

the nucleotides pair with each other to form a loop

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6
Q

what secondary structure can ssDNA or RNA with a palindrome adopt

A

hairpin

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7
Q

what is one function of a hairpin loop in transcription in bacteria

A

termination of transcription

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8
Q

fill in the blank:

DAM methylation ensures that replication _____ by recruiting ____ on the hemimethylated DNA

A

is initiated only once per cell division

seqA

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9
Q 
fill in the blank:
during \_\_\_\_\_(a type of repair pathway), DAM methylation enables recognition of the strand to be repaired which is the \_\_\_\_\_\_ ((un) (hemi) methylated)
A

mismatch repair

unmethylated strand

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10
Q

what type of point mutation is purine –> purine or pyr –> pyr

A

transition

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11
Q

how can a transition mutation happen

A

modification of a base leading to incorrect base-pairing during replication
incorporation of the wrong dNTP during replication

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12
Q

what do you need for a knock in crispr/cas

A

cas 9, gRNA, donor sequence

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13
Q

which DNA repair pathway is required to do knock in for crispr/cas

A

homologous recombination

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14
Q

what are the functions of the beta sliding clamp in bacteria

A

increases the processivity of DNA polymerase
recruits the ligase at the end of replication of an okazaki fragment
recruits pol I at the end of replication of an okazaki fragment

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15
Q

what additional step is required to measure RNA by RT-PCR compared to DNA

A

reverse transcription of RNA to DNA

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16
Q

can you determine information about the amount of copies of a gene by an RT-PCR graph

A

no

17
Q

what is the function of sigma factors in bacteria

A

helps the RNA pol bind to specific promoter

18
Q

what are the classes of sigma factors in bacteria

A

sigma 70

sigma 54

19
Q

what is the difference during transcription between sigma 70 and other sigma factors

A

sigma 70: spontaneous isomerization can occur

sigma 54: needs ATP

20
Q

what would be the result of a footprinting experiment that used a different sigma factor

A

it would attach at a different location on the DNA

21
Q

what would be the result if the footprinting experiment was done without DNAase

A

the strand would not be cut so there would not be a blank spot that could be visualized and we could not see where the sigma factor was bound

22
Q

what is the mechanism in which the RNA chain reaches ~10rNTPs, the sigma factor is released from the exit channel. enabling transcription elongation

A

promoter clearance

23
Q

what is abortive initiation

A

when the RNA pol is assembling the first rNTPs and the chain is unstable, the RNA will fall off the polymerase

24
Q

if the RNA pol stalls on a mismatched nucleotide, it leaves time for pyrophosphorolysis (last rNTP is spontaneously lost). what is this mechanism called?

A

kinetic proofreading

25
Q

at the end of transcription, a helicase is activated and moves along the RNA until it collides against the RNAP. what is this mechanism called?

A

rho-dependent termination

26
Q

which pol is involved in transcription (in regards to RNA processing (capping))

A

pol II

27
Q

where is the capped mRNA attached

A

the c terminal domain

28
Q

provide the enzyme:

a bacterial DNA pol that has both 3’–>5’ and 5’–>3’ exonuclease activity

A

pol I

29
Q

provide the enzyme:

a bacterial DNA endonuclease that uses an RNA as a target guide

A

cas9`

30
Q

provide the enzyme:

a eukaryotic RNA pol that does not need a template

A

poly A polymerase

31
Q

provide the enzyme:

a eukaryotic DNA polymerase that uses a specific RNA as a template

A

reverse transcriptase

Molecular Biology (4 decks)

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