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History of Christianity > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Pharisees

A

mainline Jews,
opposed overhellenization of religion,
knew scriptures very well,
most of the early Christian movement was drawn from their ranks

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2
Q

Essenes

A

Jewish sect
generally sympathetic to Pharisees
withdrawn to desert communities

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3
Q

Sadducees

A

the Jewish ruling class
traditionally controlled the Temple
more hellenized and secular
small minority

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4
Q

Zealots

A

Jews militantly opposed to Roman rule

developed after CE 66

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5
Q

Cosmos

A

the order of all things

visible (seen, physical) and invisible (unseen, spiritual)

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6
Q

post hoc ergo propter hoc

A

“after this therefore because of this”
a fallacy
similarity does NOT determine causation!
why Christianity is not a pagan religion

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7
Q

Zeno

A

teacher of Stoicism

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8
Q

Temple

A

where God could be found
located in Jerusalem
ONLY place to offer sacrifice

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9
Q

Synagogue

A

place of preaching, reading scripture, ritual prayer and hymns, education of the faith, community discipline, and charity for the poor
arose during Babylonian captivity
worship on Saturday (the Sabbath)

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10
Q

“house”

A

one of the 3 places of Jewish worship
same word used for house and synagogue
Christians also worshiped in house-churches

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11
Q

Eucharist

A

observed AT LEAST once a week (Sunday)
only baptized allowed (including children)
not merely symbolic - “real presence”

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12
Q

Qumran

A

where the Dead Sea Scrolls were found

possibly an Essene community

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13
Q

Philo

A

first century Jewish thinker
showed agreement between Jewish teaching and Greek philosophical traditions
idea of Logos

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14
Q

ἐκκλησία

ekklesia

A

Christian “churches”
place of preaching, reading scripture, ritual prayer and hymns, education of the faith, community discipline, and charity for the poor
worship on Sunday (day of Resurrection)

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15
Q

Nero

A

Roman emperor suspected of starting fire that burned down Rome (CE 64) so he could rebuild it - better
he blamed Christians

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16
Q

Baptism

A

rite of initiation in 1st century Jewish communities
for Christians, mystical union w/ Christ through baptism
adults need instruction before Baptism
child baptism a standard practice

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17
Q

Ebionites

A

only distinct variety of Christianity in first century
extreme minority
denied Christ’s divinity
faded rapidly when Temple was destroyed (CE 70)
we don’t have any of their writings

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18
Q

4 BCE

A

Jesus born

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19
Q

Docetism

A

rejection of Jesus as a human
all spirit - no physical body
he’s a hologram!

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20
Q

Archisynogogos

A

ruler of the synagogue
presided over services
regulated teaching and observance of tradition

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21
Q

Hyperetes

A 
"servant of the synagogue"
paid employee
cared for the scrolls
taught
enforced discipline
cared for building and furnishings
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22
Q

Episcopos

A

the “overseer”
presided over Christian services
regulated teaching
similar to Archisynogogos

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23
Q

Diakonos

A

“servant”
deacon
maintain distribution of charity, teaching, daily business of the church
similar to hyperites

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24
Q

Presbytyr

A

elder

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25
Q

Dura Europos

A

archeological dig site in Syria

how we know how house-churches were set up

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26
Q

Apologists

A

recognized antipathy towards Christians based on lack of understanding
wrote EXPLANATIONS, had nothing to do with “being sorry”

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27
Q

Marcion

A 
80?-154 CE
leader of Marcionites
rejected OT God
rejected materialism
Christ = deliverer from OT God
created first NT canon w/ edited letters of Paul and an abridged gospel of Luke
wrote Antitheses
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28
Q

Ignatius

A

bishop of Antioch

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29
Q

Justin Martyr

A 
well educated Middle Platonist
converts to Christianity
taught Christian philosophy in Ephasus and Rome
martyred 165 CE
wrote apologies
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30
Q

Montanism

A 
"New Prophesy"
led by Montanus (and Priscilla & Maximilla)
predicted end of the world
rigorous ascetic discipline
had female clergy
Tertullian - most significant convert
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31
Q

Priscilla and Maximilla

A

female associates of Montanus

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32
Q

“heretic”

A

one the CHOOSES weird things/beliefs

makes the choice to go “the other/wrong way”

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33
Q

“orthodoxy”

A

“right worship/teaching”
mainline Christianity
note the little o - not actually Orthodox yet

34
Q

Antitheses

A

written by Marcion
set forth specific doctrines that he rejected for mainline Christian teaching
prompted mainline Christianity to defend itself (with canons and creeds)

35
Q

Tradition

A

things universally taught

teaching of the apostles “handed down” in Apostolic Succession

36
Q

Creeds

A

worded to establish boundaries of mainline teaching and exclude heretical ideas
used as a measure of belief
ex) Apostles’ Creed
Nicene Creed

37
Q

κανον

Canon

A 
guidelines
authoritative list
criteria:
-Apostolic Authority
-Tradition of use
THERE WAS NO COUNCIL that chose the books
38
Q

Gnosticism

A 
elitist group
had "secret knowledge"
good/evil dichotomy
material world=evil
soul/body dichotomy
only Gnostics were "saved"
allowed to lie and betray others
39
Q

Irenaeus

A 
eastern church father
2nd century
studied and taught in Rome
priest and bishop
wrote Against Heresies
martyred after being turned in by Gnostics
40
Q

Tertullian

A

a Montanist
also a church father
wrote about the trinity
one of the first western interpreters of Christianity

41
Q

Cyprian

A

bishop of Carthage
important early Christian writer and church father
influenced by Tertullian
martyred in 258

42
Q

44 BCE

A

end of Roman republic
Julius Ceasar assassinated
civil unrest breaks out

43
Q

Pliny the Younger

A

Roman politician
persecuted Christians
his letters tell us that Christianity was an illegal cult in Rome

44
Q

Valentinus

A 
2nd century
famous Gnostic theologian
taught there were 3 kinds of people
1 - spiritual (Gnostics)
2 - psychical (other Christians)
3 - material (pagans, Jews)
45
Q

pleroma

A

fullness, entirety

46
Q

Demiurge

A

the creator god

47
Q

Cainites

A

Gnostic sect who worshipped Cain as first victim of the evil OT God

48
Q

“New Prophesy”

A

the movement also known as Montanism

the key to interpreting the “true” meaning of scripture

49
Q

anamnesis

A

memory, returning to the event itself

sort of like time travel

50
Q

“Eighth Day”

A

the day of Resurrection (Sunday)
transcends time
the reason for octagonal stuff in church

51
Q

29 CE

A

Jesus dies (?)

52
Q

70 CE

A

destruction of the Temple

53
Q

1 Clement

A

one of the earliest texts outside the canon

a letter to Christian in Corinth

54
Q

Shepherd of Hermas

A

1st or 2nd Century writing
occasionally canonized
very important work for early Christians

55
Q

63 BCE

A

Rome takes control over Jerusalem

56
Q

educere

A

“to draw out”

root of education

57
Q

Nag Hammadi

A

site in Egypt
13 codices found
majority are Gnostic - like the Gospel of Thomas

58
Q

135 CE

A

Jews banned from Jerusalem

Judaism outlawed

59
Q

“faith”

A

TO BE RECEPTIVE to what God offers
NOT about belief
it is about acceptance or acknowledgment

60
Q

“repentance”

A

transformation of the mind - changing what you think is good/right
NOT just feeling sorry
actions determine if the mind has actually been changed

61
Q

catechumen

A

instructions/ summary of faith

for candidates for baptism

62
Q

Dead Sea Scrolls

A

collection of texts found in Qumran
hidden by Essenes?
during 2nd Temple Period

63
Q

Septuagint

A

official Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible
3rd - 2nd century BCE
adopted by early Christians

64
Q

“Q”

A

the unknown common source of Matthew and Luke
(other than Mark)
teachings/sayings of Christ

65
Q

polis

A

cities

basic political/social unit of the Roman empire

66
Q

Octavian

A

Julius Caesar’s nephew + heir
emperor at time of Jesus’ birth
also called Caesar Augustus
restored order in 31 BCE

67
Q

Alexander the Great

A

4th century BCE
established empire from India to Egypt
brought Greek culture and language to all the empire
Christianity spreads over the same area

68
Q

Hellenism

A

Greek-ification

the spread of Greek language and culture

69
Q

Cult of Rome

Emperor Cult

A

official religion
sacrifices are like taxes
sacrifice released the power of animals and added it to the emperor or Rome generally

70
Q

Mystery Cults

A

provided “secret knowledge”
personal religious experience
sense of belonging, eternal life
INCLUSIVE - could follow more than one cult

71
Q

Isis and Osiris

A

mystery cult based on (heavily adapted) Egyptian myth
-worship processions
-initiates would be bathed and prayed over
- didn’t eat meat or drink wine for ten days
then “direct encounter with the gods”

72
Q

Stoicism

A

philosophy started by Zeno
taught of a creating God and a “world spirit”
reason+lack of passions+virtuous life –> happiness
self control important

73
Q

Epicureanism

A

philosophy began with Epicurus
taught life of “pleasure”
pleasure through and ascetic, contemplative, and celibate life

74
Q

Atargatis

A

mystery cult centered around a Syrian fertility diety
represented by “Galli”
made pilgrimages to Hieropolis

75
Q

Galli

A

wandering, begging, gelded priests of Atargatis cult
initiates shaved head + eyebrows + journeyed to hieropolis, would be priests castrated themselves and from then on wore women’s clothing

76
Q

Middle Platonism

A

combination of Platonism, Aristotelianism, and Stocism
approach divine through contemplation
intellectual climate, the cultural mentality
lots of variety

77
Q

Νους

nous

A 
transcendent power ruling over all
all-powerful
essentially the Jewish God
except disinterested in human affairs
beneath the Νους there was room for other gods
78
Q

λόγος

logos

A

the meaning/reason behind everything
the power/Word of God
how God interacts with the world and creates stuff
also a name for Jesus Christ

79
Q

diaspora

A

Jews living outside their hereditary Israel
started w/ Jews who remained in Babylon
Diaspora Jews tended to be more hellenized - but there are many exceptions

80
Q

Babylonian Captivity

A

when many of the Jewish teachings/writings were consolidated and organized (the making of the OT)
the synagogue developed b/c Jews cut off from Temple

History of Christianity (1 decks)

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