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US Congress GOV 370L > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Marbury v Madison

A

Chief Justice John Marshall established the concept of judicial review

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2
Q

Citizens United v Federal Election Commission

A

Held that the First Amendment protects corporate, union, and nonprofit fund of independent political speech

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3
Q

Bicameralism

A

Congress is divided into two chambers, the House and the Senate

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4
Q

Institutionalization

A

Development of the more component parts within the institution (in this case Congress)

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5
Q

Speaker of the House

A

John Boehner (R-OH)

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6
Q

House Majority Leader

A

Eric Cantor (R-VA)

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7
Q

House Minority Leader

A

Nancy Pelosi (D-CA)

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8
Q

Senate Majority Leader

A

Harry Reid (D-NV)

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9
Q

Senate Minority Leader

A

Mitch McConnell (R-KY)

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10
Q

Senate President pro tempore

A

Patrick Leahy (D-VT)

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11
Q

Which article of the Constitution addresses Congress?

A

Article 1

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12
Q

Separation of powers

A

Power is divided between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches

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13
Q

Checks and balances

A

Each branch has certain checks on the others to keep a balance of power

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14
Q

Constitution as an “invitation to struggle”

A

ENTER LATER

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15
Q

Federalism

A

ENTER LATER

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16
Q

“Pork” spending

A

ENTER LATER

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17
Q

Filibuster

A

ENTER LATER

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18
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

Predecessor to the Constitution; failed b/c it limited the power of the government (Congress could declare wars but had to ask for soldiers; Congress had no power to tax)

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19
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A

ENTER LATER

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20
Q

Annapolis Convention of 1786

A

Washington, Madison, and others saw need for change so they decided to send delegates to Philadelphia to consider possibilities

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21
Q

Constitutional Convention

A

Lasted 4 months, needed only 9 states to approve changes to articles, had a powerful federal gov but w/separation of powers

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22
Q

Connecticut Compromise

A

Bicameral legislature with the House benefitting large states and the Senate benefitting small states

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23
Q

President v. Congress- who has more power?

A

On the whole, Congress; but not all the time, it depends on the president

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24
Q

Andrew Jackson

A

A vigorous and opinionated president who split the nation

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25
Q

Abraham Lincoln

A

Civil War president who assumed some extra-constitutional powers to become a strong leader

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26
Q

When was the Golden Age of Congressional Government?

A

From Andrew Johnson to Theodore Roosevelt

27
Q

What characterized the Golden Age of Congressional Government?

A
  • Whig philosophy of limited government

- Congress as identifier and solver of problems

28
Q

Which president began the growth of presidential power?

A

Teddy Roosevelt

29
Q

How did Teddy Roosevelt increase presidential power

A
  • Invented executive orders
  • Used the “bully pulpit”
  • Called it the “Jackson-Lincoln theory of the presidency”
30
Q

Which president reverted back to the Whig model?

A

FDR during the depression, when the country was in need of vigorous leadership

31
Q

What are Nelson Polsby’s three characteristics of institutionalization?

A
  • Well-bounded
  • Complex
  • Relies on rules and precedents
32
Q

What makes Congress well-bounded (based on Polsby)?

A
  • Membership stability
  • Number of terms for members
  • Leadership: serve more terms, specific career path
33
Q

What makes Congress complex (based on Polsby)?

A
  • Development of committee system
  • Development of party leadership
  • Increase in financial resources
34
Q

How does Congress rely on rules and precedents (based on Polsby)?

A
  • Evidence from contested elections
  • Use of seniority for committee leadership
  • Politeness and decorum norms
35
Q

What do the “inside” roles of Congressional leadership involve?

A

Influencing votes, communicating with members, knowing parliamentary procedures, organizing activities

36
Q

What do the “outside” roles of Congressional leadership involve?

A

Publicizing issue agendas, serving as party’s link to public/press, raise money, recruiting candidates for the next election

37
Q

In which chamber is leadership more important?

A

The House

38
Q

Dennis Hastert

A

Famous Speaker of the House

39
Q

Sam Rayburn

A

Famous Speaker of the House

40
Q

Newt Gingrich

A

Famous Speaker of the House

41
Q

Tip O’Neil

A

Famous Speaker of the House

42
Q

Jim Wright

A

Famous Speaker of the House

43
Q

Tom Foley

A

Famous Speaker of the House

44
Q

Nancy Pelosi

A

Famous Speaker of the House

45
Q

John Boehner

A

Famous Speaker of the House

46
Q

Majority Leader

A
  • Different from speaker
  • Elected by secret ballot of party
  • Does not chair committees
  • Experienced legislator
47
Q

What is the job of the Majority Leader?

A

Floor defender, negotiator, spokesperson, duties sometimes overlap with Speaker

48
Q

Minority Leader

A

Leader of the “loyal opposition”

49
Q

What is the job of the Minority Leader?

A
  • Promote unity in party
  • Monitor legislative activities
  • Reach out to voters
  • Win back control of the House
50
Q

What is the job of a Whip?

A

In theory: encourage party discipline

In practice: count votes, seek information, communicate with party members

51
Q

In which chamber are whips less important?

A

The Senate

52
Q

Party Caucus refers to which party?

A

Democrats

53
Q

Party Conference refers to which party?

A

Republicans

54
Q

Cannon Revolt

A

First time committees and chairs gained power was after this; Joseph Cannon was voted out of the Rules Committee as Speaker

55
Q

Standing Committee

A

Permanent committee

56
Q

Select Committee

A

Temporary committee

57
Q

Joint Committee

A

Consists of members from both houses

58
Q

Conference Committee

A

Members of each chamber meet to resolve differences in bills

59
Q

An average member sits on how many committees?

A

About 3

60
Q

Johnson Rule

A

Ensures that all majority party Senators are appointed to one “A” committee before a Senator receives a second assignment

61
Q

How does the committee assignment process work?

A
  • Accomodate new members
  • Levels of committees (A and Super A are best)
  • Average members sit on 3
  • Choices determined by reelection, influence, and policymaking
  • Johnson Rule in Senate
  • Members must lobby leadership
62
Q

What are the 3 steps to the assignment to a committee?

A

Party assignment panel -> Party caucus/conference vote -> Pro forma vote by chamber

63
Q

What is the committee process?

A

Overlapping jurisdictions solved by referrals, subcommittees first, hearing, markup, report

64
Q

“The power of the Speaker of the House is the power of ________”

A

“scheduling”

US Congress GOV 370L (1 decks)

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