Exam 1 Flashcards
What is Social Psychology?
is the scientific study of the way people thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others.
What is Image Influence?
How we dress is a social psychology information
What is Social Influence?
How words, actions, or presence contribute to our thoughts, feelings, beliefs, or behaviors
Social is often _________ than individual difference.
Stronger
This contributes to conformity.
Social Influence
What kind of experiments do social psychologists use to test situational outcomes.
well controlled experiments.
People have the need to be accurate, which leads to ____________
Social Cognition
What is Social Cognition?
How people think about themselves and the social world.
For the long run, what is more effective? Scare tactics or Information?
For the long run, scare tactics don’t work.
What can change the nature of the social world?
Expectations
Why do people self justify?
To make one feel good about oneself.
What are P values? Give an example.
P values determine the level of significance.
Ex. p < .01 is 1/100 chance of something happening
What is social perception?
How we form impressions about others.
Nonverbal behavior is both ________ and ________
Is both intentional and unintentional.
Darwin said that there are 6 facial expressions. Name them.
Anger, Happiness, Surprise, Fear, Disgust, and Sadness.
What is the difference between encoding and decoding?
Encoding is when we express the nonverbal behavior. Decoding is when we interpret the meaning of the behavior.
What is the downfall of Decoding?
It can be inaccurate due to Affect Blend, Culture, Suppression of emotion, and emblems.
What is Affect Blend?
when the bottom part of the face doesn’t express the top part of the face.
Why can Culture make interpretation difficult?
Each culture has display rules, which are culturally determined rules about what nonverbal behaviors are appropriate.
What are emblems?
Nonverbal gestures with well understood meaning.
Who said that embarrassment is a specific nonverbal expression?
Ketner? Canter? Idk.
What is Multichannel Nonverbal Communication?
is when you get multiple nonverbal cues that are occurring.
- What gender is more accurate when people are telling the truth?
- What gender is more accurate when people are lying?
- Women
2. Men
Implicit Personality Theories
What is casual attribution?
the way people explain the causes of their own, as well as others’ behavior.
What is internal attribution?
Behavior based on attitude, character, or personality.
What is External Attribution?
Behavior has a result of the situation in that we assume that most people respond in a similar manner.
What is Fundamental attribution error?
overestimated internal factors and underestimated external factors.
What is Correspondence Biased?
Belief that peoples’ behavior matches their disposition.
What is Perceptual Saliency?
Seeming importance of information. The information we see and hear helps determine our beliefs.
What consists in the 2 step process?
Begin with internal attribution, then adjust minimally to consider situation. (often leads to making errors)
What is intuitive believe system?
We have some awareness that others focus on us and not the situation.
What is the Spotlight Effect?
When we over estimate how much attention people pay to us.
What are Self-serving Attributions?
Taking credit for success and blaming others for our failures.
What type of players are more likely to use Self-serving Attributions?
Less experienced players.
What are Defensive Attributions?
They are protective. They are explanations for behavior to avoid feeling vulnerable.
Unrealistic Optimism?
Good things happen to us and bad things happen to them.
Belief in a just world?
Basically karma. People get what they deserve.
What does personality look more towards?
Looks more at internal attributions more than external attributions.
What is the dependent and independent variable?
The independent variable is the variable that is changed in the experiment, and the dependent variable relies on the independent variable, and the dependent variable is essentially what is being tested in a scientific experiment.
What is ethnography?
The method by which researchers attempt to understand a group or culture by observing it from the inside, without imposing any preconceived notions they might have.
What is the Observational Method?
Researchers observe people and systematically record their behavior. It is useful for describing the nature of a phenomenon and generating hypothesis.
What is the Correlational Method?
Two or more variables are systematically measured and the relationship between them assessed, is very useful when the goal is to predict one variable from another.
What is the experimental method?
it is the only way to measure causality. The researched randomly assigns participants to different conditions and ensures that these conditions are identical except for the Independent variable.
Why do Social Psychologists conduct cross-cultural research?
To study the ways in which culture shapes people’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
