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Oracle SQL > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Database Management System = SOFT CRIN WTDB

A

Database Management System: software to create and interact with database.

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1
Q

Database = LOST 2 STD

A

Database = logical structure to store data

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2
Q

Each byte = CH BBB I

A

Each byte = character that is the basic building block of information.

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3
Q

Record = CFSE & RPD

A

Record = collection of fields for specific entity and row in the physical database

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4
Q

Relational Database Management System: SP CRDB ENT MAN RTD

A

Software to create the database and allows you to enter, manipulate, and retrieve data.

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5
Q

SELECT statements are: ST 2 RT DFDB

A

Used to retrieve data from the database

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6
Q

Syntax gives the BS ORU 4 CO

A

Gives the basic structure or rules for a command

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7
Q

SELECT clause identifies

A

Columns

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8
Q

FROM clause identifies

A

Tables

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9
Q

Each clause begins with a:

A

Keyword

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10
Q

To execute SQL statements use:

A

Semicolon or slash

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11
Q

To select all data in a table:

A

Substitute an asterisk for the column names in a SELECT clause

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12
Q

To select one column from a table:

A

Enter column name in SELECT clause

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13
Q

To select multiple columns from a table:

A

Separate column names with a comma

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14
Q

Enclose in double quotation marks when:

A

It contains blank spaces, special symbols or to retain case

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15
Q

Arithmetic Operations are:

A

Executed left to right

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16
Q

Multiplication and division are solved:

A

First with arithmetic operations

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17
Q

Addition and subtraction are solved:

A

Last with arithmetic operations

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18
Q

You override arithmetic operations with:

A

Parentheses

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19
Q

To suppress duplicates:

A

Enter DISTINCT or UNIQUE after SELECT keyword

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20
Q

Field= GRC

A

Field= group of related characters

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21
Q

Field= ACE

A

Attribute or character of an entity

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22
Q

Field= CPD

A

Column in the physical database

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23
Q

File= GRSE

A

Group of records about the same type of entity

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24
Q

Relational database = COR

A

Collection of relations

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25
Q

Rows= DAE

A

Contain data about an entity

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26
Q

Columns= DAAE

A

Data about attributes of the entity

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27
Q

Cells= THSV

A

Cells of the table hold a single value

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28
Q

Character = BUD & L, N, SS

A

Basic unit of data and can be a letter, #, or special symbol

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29
Q

Bit= SDU

A

Smallest data unit

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30
Q

Byte= 8FB

A

Few bits (usually 8)

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31
Q

Database components:

A

Field, record, and file

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32
Q

Relation:

A

Two-dimensional table

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33
Q

Each column has:

A

A unique name

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34
Q

The order of the columns is:

A

Unimportant

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35
Q

The order of the rows is:

A

Unimportant

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36
Q

No two rows can be:

A

Identical

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37
Q

Table =

A

File

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38
Q

File =

A

Relation

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39
Q

Row =

A

Record

40
Q

Record =

A

Tuple

41
Q

Column =

A

Field

42
Q

Field =

A

Attribute

43
Q

Normalization:

A

Used to reduce or control data redundancy

44
Q

Primary key:

A

Field that serves to uniquely identify each record in a table

45
Q

Candidate key:

A

Any field that could be used as the primary key

46
Q

Surrogate key:

A

The records primary key identifier when no suitable primary key exists

47
Q

Foreign key:

A

A field in a table that is a primary key in another table

48
Q

Composite key:

A

A unique key that you create by combining two or more fields

49
Q

Partial dependency:

A

A column that is only dependent on a portion of the primary key

50
Q

1NF=

A

Eliminate repeating groups and identify primary key

51
Q

2NF=

A

Table is in 1NF and partial dependencies are eliminated

52
Q

3NF=

A

Table is in 2NF and transitive dependencies are eliminated

53
Q

Tables are linked through:

A

A common field

54
Q

Common field=

A

A primary key in one table and a foreign key in the other table

55
Q

SQL=

A

A data sub language that has constructs for defining and processing a database

56
Q

Data definition language is used to:

A

Define database structures

57
Q

Data Manipulation Language is used to:

A

Query and update data

58
Q

Concatenation:

A

Are two vertical bars and can combine data with string literal

59
Q

Concatenation allows use of:

A

Column alias

60
Q

WHERE clause is used to:

A

Retrieve rows based on a stated condition

61
Q

WHERE clause requires:

A

Column name, comparison operator, and value or column for comparison

62
Q

WHERE clause is:

A

Case sensitive

63
Q

List WHERE clause after:

A

FROM clause

64
Q

In WHERE clause enclose non-numeric data in:

A

Single quotes

65
Q

Comparison Operators:

A

Indicates how the data should relate to the given search value

66
Q

The default SQL format for dates is:

A

DD-MON-YY

67
Q

>

A

Greater than

68
Q

<

A

Less than

69
Q

<>

A

Not equal to

70
Q

<=

A

Less than or equal to

71
Q

> =

A

Greater than or equal to

72
Q

Math comparison operators may work with:

A

Text as well as numbers

73
Q

BETWEEN… AND Operator

A

To find values in a specified range

74
Q

IN Operator

A

Values are separated by commas and list must be in parentheses

75
Q

LIKE Operator

A

Performs pattern searches

76
Q

Logical operators:

A

Used to combing conditions

77
Q

Not

A

Reverses meaning

78
Q

And

A

Both conditions must be true

79
Q

Or

A

At least one condition must be true

80
Q

ORDER BY Clause

A

Presents data in sorted order

81
Q

Use DESC keyword to:

A

Override column default

82
Q

In ascending order, values will be listed in the following sequence:

A

Numeric values, character values, NULL values

83
Q

Secondary sort may be used to:

A

Sort multiple exact matches

84
Q

Joins are used to:

A

Link tables and reconstruct data in a relational database

85
Q

Joins can be created through:

A

Using the WHERE clause or using the JOIN keyword in the FROM clause

86
Q

Cross Join is created by omitting joining condition in the:

A

WHERE clause or through CROSS JOIN keywords in the FROM clause

87
Q

Equality Join:

A

Links rows through equivalent data in a common field that exists in both tables

88
Q

Equality join is also called:

A

Equijoins, natural join, inner joins, or simple joins

89
Q

Table Alias:

A

A temporary name that works like a column alias

90
Q

If a table alias is assigned to a table:

A

It must be used any time the table is referenced in the SQL statement

91
Q

Use NATURAL JOIN when:

A

Tables have one column in common

92
Q

Use JOIN… USING when:

A

Tables have more than one column in common

93
Q

Use JOIN… ON when:

A

A condition is needed to specify a relationship other than equivalency

94
Q

Using the JOIN keyword frees the:

A

WHERE clause for exclusive use in restricting rows

95
Q

Self Joins:

A

Used to link a table to itself

96
Q

Outer Joins

A

Used to include rows that do not have a match in the other table

97
Q

Set Operators

A

Used to combine the results of two or more SELECT statements

Oracle SQL (1 decks)

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