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OB Exams > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

When does fertilization occur?

A

When the nucleus of the sperm and ovum unite

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2
Q

What is the first component of fertilization?

A

Preparation

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3
Q

How long is sperm viable?

A

Viable for 48 to 72 hours. Highly viable for 24hr

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4
Q

What is a fertilized egg referred to as?

A

Zygote

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5
Q

When is the sex of a zygote determined?

A

At the moment of fertalization

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6
Q

What is the 23rd chromosome?

A

sex chromosome

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7
Q

First step of Cell multiplication after fertilization

A

Rapid Mitotic division-cleavage “Me too” carbon copy

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8
Q

Morula

A

Blastomere grows to a morula-solid ball of 12 to 16 cells

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9
Q

How does the morula divide?

A

Divides into a solid mass- BLASTOCYST surrounded by outer layer of cells TROPHOBLAST

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10
Q

Trophoblast develops into…

A

Placenta & Chorion

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11
Q

When does implantation occur?

A

7 to 10 days

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12
Q

Where does the journey of the fertilized ovum occur?

A

In the distal 1/3 of the fallopian tube

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13
Q

Women are usually only fertile…

A

6-24 hours/cycle

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14
Q

How long does it take for the fertilized egg to reach the uterus?

A

3 to 4 day journey

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15
Q

Where in the uterus does implantation occur?

A

Upper most posterior of uterus. Endometrium now referred to as decidua

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16
Q

Blastocyst divides into what 2 parts?

A

Outer-TROPHOBLAST, Inner-EMBRYOBLAST

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17
Q

What does the Embryoblast develop into?

A

The embryo and Amnion

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18
Q

What does the trophoblast contain?

A

Chorionic villi that attach to the decidua

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19
Q

T/F…There is direct contact between the blood of the fetus and mother

A

FALSE-placental barrier

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20
Q

Placental barrier

A
  • Serves as a pass through
  • O2 & nutrients
  • Carbon dioxide and waste products
  • Interchanged through diffusion
  • Almost everything ingested passes through-teratogens
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21
Q

Fraternal twins are also referred to as…

A

dizygotic

22
Q

Fraternal twins

A
  • Arise from 2 separate ova fertilized by 2 separate spermatozoa
  • 2 placentas, 2 chorions, 2 amnions
  • Sometimes placentas fuse and appear to be one
  • Not similar-like 2 siblings
  • May be same or different sex
23
Q

Identical twins

A
  • Develop froma single fertilized ovum
  • Monozygosity
  • Same sex; same genotype
  • Usually same placenta
24
Q

Cell Differentiation 10 to 14 days

A

Blastocyst differentiates into 2 primary germ layers-ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. All body tissues, organs, organ systems are developed from these germ layers

25
Q

When is amniotic fluid created?

A

When amnion and chorion grow and connect forming amnitic sac to produce fluid

26
Q

What does amniotic fluid consist of?

A
  • 98% water
  • 2% organic matter
  • Fluid from maternal blodd across the amnion and fetal urine
  • **Volumes vary-usually 1 liter by term
27
Q

Functions of amniotic fluid

A
  • Provides protection from trauma
  • Symmetrical growth and development
  • Constant body temperature
  • Decreases umbilical cord compression
  • Promotes musculoskeletal growth
28
Q

Umbilical cord development…

A
  • Develops from amnion.
  • Fuses with embryonic portion of placenta.
  • Provides a pathway from chorionic villi to embryo
29
Q

What does the umbilical cord contain?

A

2 arteries and 1 vein surrounded by Wharton’s Jelly for protection

30
Q

What is the function of the umbilical cord?

A

provides circulatory pathway to embryo

31
Q

When does placental development occur?

A
  • Begins at 3rd week of embryonic development
  • Develops from trophoblast
  • Trophoblast attaches to uterine wall
32
Q

Placental function

A

*Metabolic and nutrient exchange between embryonic and maternal circulations

33
Q

What are the two parts of the placenta?

A
  1. Maternal: “dirty duncan”

2. Fetal: “shiny shultz”

34
Q

What part of the body assumes the role of the placenta until the placenta is well developed?

A

Corpus luteum

35
Q

What does the maternal portion of the placenta consit of?

A

deciduas basalis and its circulation. Appears red and flesh-like

36
Q

What does the fetal sid eof the placenta consist of?

A

chorionic villi and their circulation. Fetal surface is covered by the amnion and appears shiny and gray

37
Q

Placental functions

A
  1. Endocrine: produces hormones
  2. Nutrition: supplies nutrients
  3. Respiratory: supplies O2 & removes CO2
  4. Renal: removes wastes
38
Q

Fetal Growth and Development:

4 weeks

A
  • Brain formed from anterior neural tube
  • Limb buds seen
  • Heart beats
  • GI system begins
39
Q

Fetal Growth and Development:

6 weeks

A
  • Respiratory system begins
  • Primitive skeletal shape
  • Chambers in heart
  • Ear formation begins
40
Q

Fetal Growth and Development:

12 weeks

A
  • Ossification of skeleton begins
  • Liver produces red cells
  • Thyroid hormone present
  • Insuin present in pancreas
  • Palate complete in mouth
  • skin pink
41
Q

Fetal Growth and Development:

16 weeks

A
  • Meconium begins to collect in intestines
  • Teeth begin to form
  • Kidneys assume shape
  • Hair present on scalp
42
Q

Fetal Growth and Development:

20 weeks

A
  • Point of viability*
  • Suck and swallow begins
  • Lanugo covers body
  • Vernix begins to protect the body
  • Myelination of spinal cord begins
43
Q

Fetal Growth and Development:

24 weeks

A
  • Respiration and surfactant production begins

* brain appears mature

44
Q

Fetal Growth and Development

28 weeks

A
  • eyes are open
  • nervous system begins regulation of some functions
  • Adipose tissue accumulates
  • Nails, eyebrows, and eyelids present
45
Q

Fetal Growth and Development:

36 weeks

A
  • Few sole creases

* Earlobes soft with little cartilage

46
Q

Fetal Growth and Development:

40 weeks

A
  • Adequate surfactant
  • Earlobes firm
  • Vernix in skin folds and lanugo on shoulders
  • sex apparent
  • Hair on head is coarse and about 1 in long
47
Q

When is an embryo referred to as a fetus?

A

9 weeks gestation

48
Q

Normal Fetal Heart Rate range

A

120-160

49
Q

What does an increased hematocrit indicate?

A

severe dehydration

50
Q

What is the potassium level?

A

3.5 to 5.3

OB Exams (1 decks)

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