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BIO 225 Exam 1 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

When did embalming start?

A

Ancient times

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1
Q

When did the preservation of foods using microbiology start?

A

Ancient times

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2
Q

Who is the English scientist famous for his work with microscopes?

A

Robert Hooke

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3
Q

When did Robert Hooke study his cells of cork?

A

1600 to 1800

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4
Q

Who coined the word cell?

A

Robert Hooke

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5
Q

What is Anthony van Leeuwenhoek famous for?

A

Primitive microscope using ground glass

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6
Q

What nationality is Anthony van Leewenhoek?

A

Dutch

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7
Q

Who is famous for identifying “animalcules”?

A

Anthony van Leeuwenhoek

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8
Q

Who opens up the science of microbiology?

A

Anthony van Leeuwenhoek

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9
Q

What is Francesco Redi famous for?

A

Beginning to disprove spontaneous generation

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10
Q

What nationality is Francesco Redi?

A

Italian

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11
Q

Who set up jars of meat to test spontaneous generation theory?

A

Francesco Redi

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12
Q

What is Edward Jenner famous for?

A

First vaccine against small pox using cowpox scraping.

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13
Q

What is profession of Edward Jenner?

A

Medical doctor

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14
Q

When was Anthony van Leeuwenhoek’s work?

A

1600 to 1800

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15
Q

When was Francesco redi’s work?

A

1600 to 1800

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16
Q

When was Edward jenner’s work?

A

1600 to 1800

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17
Q

When was Louis Pasteur’s work?

A

1800

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18
Q

What is Louis Pasteur famous for?

A

Pasteurization

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19
Q

What two industries did Louis Pasteur save in France?

A 
Wine 
Silkworm (silk industry)
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20
Q

What vaccine did Louis Pasteur develop?

A

Rabies

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21
Q

Who is famous for the germ theory?

A

Robert Koch

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22
Q

When is Robert koch’s work?

A

1800s

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23
Q

When was Louis Pasteur’s work?

A

1800

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24
Q

What did people use to think about germs in 1800s?

A

If you were immoral or bad you would get diseases.

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25
Q

What is step one of Koch postulates?

A

Disease and microbe must Always be present in host.

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26
Q

What is step two of Koch postulates?

A

Isolate microbe in pure culture

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27
Q

What is step three of Koch postulates?

A

Infect new healthy host with microbe from pure culture and produce disease again.

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28
Q

What is step four of Koch postulates?

A

Reisolate microbe from second host

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29
Q

What are three problems with Koch postulates?

A

Viruses:step two cannot be carried out because they need a host

Small Pox:only in humans, who would want to participate?

HIV:symptoms take decades to show up

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30
Q

What solidifying agent did Robert Koch start using?

A

Agar

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31
Q

What did Robert Koch establish?

A

Pure cultures using agar

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32
Q

Who was the doctor who first started sterilizing surgical instruments?

A

Joseph Lister, MD

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33
Q

Who suggested hand washing in healthcare?

A

Ignaz Semmelweis

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34
Q

When was hand washing in healthcare suggested?

A

1800s

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35
Q

When were surgical instruments first sterilized?

A

1800s

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36
Q

When was Salvarsan (first chemical for disease) discovered?

A

1900s

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37
Q

How many chemicals did Paul Ehrlich study?

A

606

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38
Q

What does Salvarsan kill?

A

Syphlis

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39
Q

What is the base of Salvarsan?

A

Arsenic

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40
Q

What did Paul Ehrlich discover?

A

Salvarsan and sulfa drugs still used today

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41
Q

Who discovered Salvarsan? When?

A

Paul Ehrlich, 1900s

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42
Q

Who discovered the first true antibiotic?

A

Alexander Fleming

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43
Q

What did Alexander Fleming discover?

A

1st antibiotic, penicillin

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44
Q

Antibiotic definition?

A

Chemical produced by one organism to prohibit the growth of another organism

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45
Q

When did the mass production of penicillin begin?

A

1940s, WWII

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46
Q

When did the age of antibiotics begin?

A

1950s

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47
Q

Who discovered the structure of DNA?

A

Watson and Crick

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48
Q

When was the structure of DNA discovered?

A

1953

49
Q

When were restriction enzymes discovered?

A

1970s

50
Q

What was the result of the discovery of restriction enzymes?

A

DNA could be manipulated

51
Q

When was polymerase method for copying DNA discovered?

A

1980s

52
Q

What could be used to diagnose viral infections?

A

PCR, polymerase method

53
Q

Now how do viral infections get diagnosed?

A

Wait for body to produce antibodies

54
Q

When was the Nobel prize awarded for the discovery of prions?

A

1997

55
Q

When was the human genome project?

A

2000

56
Q

What was the human genome project?

A

Discovered the order genes come in, ATCG

57
Q

When was the anthrax scare?

A

Right after 9/11, 2001

58
Q

When was SARS and bird flu discovered?

A

2003

59
Q

What is mortality rate of bird flu?

A

50%

60
Q

When did government and world begin to prepare for bird flu and growing awareness begins?

A

2005

61
Q

When was the swine flu H1N1 scare?

A

2009

62
Q

What are the three shapes of bacteria?

A

Coccus
Bacillus
Sprillum

63
Q

What is strepto?

A

Chain of bacteria

64
Q

What is tetrad?

A

4 cluster bacteria

65
Q

What is sarcinae?

A

8 cluster bacteria

66
Q

Bacillus, plural or singular?

A

Singular

67
Q

Bacilli, plural or singular?

A

Plural

68
Q

Bacterium, singular or plural?

A

Singular

69
Q

Bacteria, singular or plural?

A

Plural

70
Q

What is vibrio?

A

Rice like shape of sprillum bacteria

71
Q

What are agents?

A

Non-living and infectious

72
Q

Can viruses replicate on their own?

A

No

73
Q

What are germs and pathogens?

A

Disease causing microbes

74
Q

What % of atmosphere is nitrogen gas?

A

79%

75
Q

What are building blocks of

Protein?

A

Amino acids

76
Q

What is microbiology definition?

A

Study of little life forms

77
Q

Are microbes living?

A

Yes

78
Q

Where are 7 places you expect to see normal flora?

A 
Nose/throat
Eyes 
Mouth
Skin
Large intestine
Vagina
Urethra
79
Q

What is nitrogen fixing?

A

Microbes that take nitrogen and make new amino acids

80
Q

What are the 3 domains of organisms?

A

Eubacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

81
Q

What is binary fission?

A

Split in two!

82
Q

Bacteria belong to what domain?

A

Prokaryotic

83
Q

What does prokaryotic mean?

A

No organelles, simple cells

84
Q

What is in bacteria cell wall?

A

Peptidoglycan

85
Q

Bacteria are unicellular, t or f?

A

T

86
Q

Viruses are acellular, t or f?

A

T

87
Q

What is the protein coat on viruses called?

A

Capsid

88
Q

Are viruses parasitic?

A

Yes, always!!

89
Q

What domain are fungi in?

A

Eukaryotic

90
Q

What domain are protists in?

A

Eukaryotic

91
Q

Protists are unicellular, t or f?

A

T

92
Q

How are protists classified?

A

By means of movement

93
Q

What are helminths?

A

Multicellular worms

94
Q

What are prions?

A

Infectious proteins

95
Q

What is the body’s response to pathogens?

A

Immune system

96
Q

What is mycology?

A

Study of fungi

97
Q

What is parasitology?

A

Study of worms and protists

98
Q

What does molecular biology study?

A

RNA and DNA

99
Q

What belongs to eukarya classification?

A

Plants, animals, fungi, protistans

100
Q

Why do we classify?

A

So we can predict and not have to start over

101
Q

What is eubacteria?

A

True bacteria, includes pathogens

102
Q

Archaeabacteria do what?

A

Live in extreme environments, deep in ocean/bpiling water/ice

103
Q

What to eukarya have?

A

True nuclei, complex and have organelles

104
Q

2 parts of scientific name

A

Genus and specific epithet

105
Q

Scientific name is what if written?

A

Underlined

106
Q

Scientific name is what if typed?

A

Italics

107
Q

How do you write scientific names in papers?

A

Write it out first and then abbreviate genus name and write out specific epithet

108
Q

How do giardi lambia move?

A

Flagella

109
Q

What does giardi lamblia cause?

A

Hikers diarrhea

110
Q

Do fungi do photosynthesis?

A

No!

111
Q

What are protists?

A

Eukaryotic, multi-cellular

112
Q

How do protists move?

A

Cilia
Flagella
Psuedopodia

113
Q

Is there genetic info in prions?

A

No

114
Q

How are prions transmitted?

A

Through ingestion and cause neurological changes

115
Q

What is humoral immunity?

A

Antibodies made by B cells

116
Q

What shape are proteins made by humoral immunity?

A

Y shaped proteins that have sticky ends and have affinity for specific things

117
Q

What is cellular immunity?

A

T cells do surveillance and kill virus infected cells and cancer cells

118
Q

Are prions stable?

A

Yes, tremendously stable so there is no way to kill them

119
Q

Dr Bruce Ivans caused what?

A

Anthrax scare

BIO 225 Exam 1 (1 decks)

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