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Animal Breeding > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Animal Breeding

A

Discipline in animal science that utilizes the principles of genetics and statistics with the goal of improvement of animals.

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2
Q

Animal Breeding

A

Science that helps in the quest to breed better animals.

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3
Q

What is a long strand of DNA in the nucleus of a cell

A

Chromosomes

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4
Q

What is a specific place on a chromosome occupied by a gene

A

Locus

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5
Q

The basic unit of inheritance

A

Gene

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6
Q

An alternative form of a gene

A

Allele

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7
Q

A genetic composition of an individual

A

Genotype

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8
Q

Physical expression of a genotype

A

Phenotype

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9
Q

An individual possessing two different alleles at a locus

A

Homozygote

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10
Q

BB

A

Homozygote dominant

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11
Q

Bb

A

Heterozygote

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12
Q

bb

A

Homozygote recessive

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13
Q

Segregation occurs when gametes are formed at meiosis and each gamete gets only one of the pair of genes at a locus

A

Segregation and recombination

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14
Q

Recombination occurs when the gametes, which are discrete units, recombine at fertilization

A

Independent assortment

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15
Q

Factors appear in pairs and a random member of the pair is passed from parent to progeny

A

Law of Segregation

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16
Q

One factor is capable of masking the presence of the second factor in the expression of a phenotype

A

A dominant gene

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17
Q

A factor being masked is called what?

A

Recessive

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18
Q

A strain in which animals of like phenotypes perpetuate those phenotypes in their progeny

A

Pure breeding strain

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19
Q

What generation is always heterozygous

A

F-1

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20
Q

Pure breed strains are

A

homozygus

21
Q

A progeny resulting from the mating of different pure breeding strains

A

Hybrid

22
Q

Mating F-1 animals back to an animal of one or the other of the pure breeding strains used to create the F-1 animals

A

Backcross

23
Q

Among themselves

A

Inter se

24
Q

A cross involving one parent showing the dominant phenotype and one parent completely recessive

A

Test cross

25
Q

What describes inheritance fo multiple traits?

A

Law of independent assortment

26
Q

Following the inheritance of more than one trait at a time

A

Combinations of traits

27
Q

Chromosomes appear in

A

Pairs

28
Q

Organisms having 2n chromosomes

A

Diploid

29
Q

Organisms having n chromosomes are referred to as

A

Haploid

30
Q

Gametes are the reproductive cells, often called what?

A

Sex cells

31
Q

The male gamete is

A

Sperm

32
Q

The female gamete is an

A

egg

33
Q

Gametes are what

A

Haploid

34
Q

What is the random deduction from diploid to haploid?

A

The formation the gametes

35
Q

What is the random union of gametes?

A

The formation of zygote

36
Q

What is the mathematical likelihood that a particular event will occur?

A

Probability

37
Q

P = # of observations of the event/# of total observations

A

Definition of probability

38
Q

Probability that one event occurs is not influenced by the occurrence of a second event

A

Independent events

39
Q

Probability of two or more events occurring together - -Can be recognized by the word “AND”

A

Joint probability

AND = joint probability = x multiply

40
Q

Hybrid’s are

A

Heterozygous

41
Q

Dyhybrid’s are

A

Heterozygous for two different traits

42
Q

From mating dyhibrids, what is the probability of a progeny with black coat color and spotting

A

Joint Probability Example

43
Q

The occurrence of one event preludes the occurrence of a second event. Also, represented by the word OR.

A

Mutually exclusive events

44
Q

Probability of an event A given a second event has occurred.

A

Conditional probabilities

45
Q

more crossovers mean

A

that two loci are far apart

46
Q

Formation of gametes is a ____ reduction from diploid to haploid

A

random

47
Q

df=

A

number of categories -1

48
Q

if X^2 >cv

A

rejected

49
Q

if X^2 <cv

A

fail to reject

Animal Breeding (3 decks)

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