Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nursing 101 - Exam #1 > Exam #1 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards Physics 101 flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards
1
Q

Define phenomenology (UFV definition)

A

The understanding of the nature and meaning of lived experiences.

(ie. how a situation has influenced a persons view and outlook on health)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why do nurses require phenomenology in their practice?

A

In order that we can strive to understand a persons perspective in their situation so we can help support their journey in health competently and ethically.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who is the expert on an individuals personal health?

A

The individual themselves. We can never measure how much pain or discomfort an individual feels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name a few factors which can influence a person’s definition of health

A
  1. income - #1 influence
  2. family values
  3. culture
  4. education
  5. their past experiences with health
  6. accesibility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why should nurses strive to find out whats important to the patient? Give an example.

A

So we can help assist them with an open mind.

Example: to help a patient quite smoking. If the reason for their smoking is anxiety driven, possibly we can help find healthier choices to deal with the anxiety.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define phenomenology (Potter & Perry)

A

Lived experience of a specific phenomenon from the perspective of the people who are in the situation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does phenomonology support in terms of a nusring/patient relationship?

A

Promotes partnerships for health care.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How can health be understood?

A

In positive or negative terms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is the nature of health understood? (3 factors)

A
  1. disease - objective state of illness
  2. illness - subjective experience of wellness
  3. wellness - subjective process (ie. achieving your personal potential)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the WHO definition of health (1946)

A

The Constitution of WHO (1946) states that good health is a state of complete physical, social and mental well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name some factors in terms of what health looks like?

A
  1. happy
  2. optimistic
  3. no pain
  4. energy
  5. satisfying relationships
    6, maximized potential
  6. sense of meaning / purpose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name 3 approaches to health that have evolved over the past years.

A
  1. Medical approach
  2. Behavioural approach
  3. Socioenvironmental approach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When was the medial approach dominant?

A

During the early 20th century up until the 1970’s.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe what the medical approach was.

A
  1. Looking at the individual rather than community.
  2. Medicine intervenes to restore health and heal disease.
  3. Disease focused.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happened post WW II in terms of funding?

A

National health removed financial barriers and medical treatments were funded.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How was the medical approach defined?

A

Defined by absence of disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When was the medical approach model challenged and by whom?

A

The WHO 1948.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A report was released in 1974 that changed the approach again. Who released this report and what was the focus of the report?

A

Lalonde released this report and it was focused on a behavioural approach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe what the behavioural approach focuses on.

A

Lifestyle choices:

persons decisions
habits
environments

Person responsible for their health.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What was flawed about the behavioural approach?

A

It only worked well for people in the higher income brackets. People who could afford gym memberships, the healthier choices in food, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Around what time frame was it noticed that the people with higher incoming were succeeding in the behavioural approach?

A

During the mid 1980’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What negative impact did the behavioural approach have on an individual?

A

It led to “victim blaming”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe socioenvironmental approach

A

This approach was aimed more at a society rather than an individual.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What approach must the socioenvironmental model have so that everyone can maintain access?

A

A structural approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Describe how the responsibility shifted during the socioenvironmental approach.

A

It shifted from the individual to society as a whole.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Give an example in todays society of medical approach.

A

Emergency Room / Hospitals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Give an example of behavioural approach in todays society

A

School programs
Social marketing / bus stops
Education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Give an example of socioenvironmental approach in todays society

A

Public health services
Population health approach
Mobile services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What was the WHOs conception of health in 1984?

A

Health viewed as the extent to which an individual or group is able on one hand realize aspirations and satisfy needs; and on the other hand to change or cope with the environment.

Health is seen as a resource to everyday living; but not as an object of living.

Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources as well as physical capacities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Define life expectancy

A

average lifespan of people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Define morbidity rates

A

incidence/prevalence of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Define mortality rates

A

the number of deaths divided by total population in a given time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Define causes of death

A

reflects disease, safety, etc. in a given time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the life expectancy in Canada for men and women

A

Women: 83 years old

Men: 79 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the life expectancy in BC for men and women?

A

Women: 84 years old

Men: 80 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Why are women’s life expectancies typically longer then mens?

A

women are more proactive then men in expressing emotion, seeking help, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are the 4 most prevalent diseases?

A
  1. diabetes
  2. cancer
  3. cardiovascular disease
  4. respiriatory disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Describe what is meant by “upstream” vs. “downstream”

A

Upstream: finding the root of the problem

Downstream: band-aid effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Why is it important for nurses to study life span development?

A

Understanding others will be a part of our everyday lives as nurses and the more we learn about people and understand the different stages of life they are in, the better prepared we will be to help them. It will also promote stronger more rewarding relationships with our patients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Define “development”

A

A pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life span.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What does a traditional approach on development encompass?

A

It states that childhood is a unique time of development that lays the foundation for adult years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Name the 3 traditional approaches, their time frame and the belief that follows them.

A
  1. Original Sin (500’s - 1400’s) - children inherently bad, born as evil beings
  2. Tabula Rasa (1600’s) - children born as blank slates (neither good or bad)
  3. Innate Goodness (1700’s) - children inherently good
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Name the more contemporary approach to develoopment

A

Life-Span approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Describe the life span approach (2 points)

A
  1. recognizes that childhood lays foundation for adulthood and is different from adulthood (ie. development occurs through the life span and not just as children
  2. different skills/tasks mastered at different times
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Name the 7 characteristics of lifespan development

A
  1. lifelong
  2. multidimensional
  3. multidirectional
  4. plastic
  5. multidisciplinary
  6. involves growth, maintenance and regulation
  7. contextual
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Describe the characteristic lifelong in lifespan development

A

development continues throughout the lifespan; no particular age dominates development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Describe the characteristic multidimensional in lifespan development

A

biological, cognitive, socio-emtional

each dimension influences development and each dimension is intertwined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Describe the characteristic multidirectional in lifespan development

A

grow and decline at all periods of development (i.e. a 3 year old has the ability to learn a second language but may forget to look both ways before crossing the street)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Describe the characteristic plastic in lifespan development

A

the ability to change (ie do you have the ability to retain a new skill at 80 years of age?)

in most cases development becomes less plastic with increased age.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Describe the characteristic multidisciplinary in lifespan development

A

many disciplines involved in studying lifespan development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Describe the characteristic “involves growth, maintenance and regulation in lifespan development

A

dominant characteristic depends on individuals’ stage in overall lifespan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Describe the characteristic contextual in lifespan development

A

circumstances of a situation (ie. environment = context of your life)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Name the 3 contextual characteristics/influences.

A
  1. Normative Age
  2. Non-normative age
  3. Normative history-graded influences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Give an example of normative age-graded influence

A
  1. puberty, school, marriage, etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Give an example of non-normative life events

A

child dies before a parent, divorce, floods in Haiti (not just affecting one generation but will impact many generations)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Give an example of normative history-graded influence

A

historical fact that influences a generation (ie. beatlemania, 9/11, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What is median age?

A

point where half of the age is older and half of the age is younger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What does median age help with?

A

helps define old age and birth rate

59
Q

Name the 3 developmental processes (dimensions in lifespan development)

A
  1. biological
  2. cognitive
  3. socioemotional

these 3 processes are intertwined

60
Q

Describe the biological development process

A

changes in the physical nature (ie. puberty, decreased cardiac function in increased age)

61
Q

Describe the cognitive development process

A

changes in thought, intelligence, mind

62
Q

Describe the socioemotional development process

A

changes in relationships, emtions, personality

63
Q

Name the 8 periods of development and what ages they include

A
  1. prenatal: conception to birth
  2. infancy: birth to 19-24 months
  3. early childhood: 19-24 months to 5-6 years
  4. middle & late childhood: 6 to 11 years
  5. adolescence: 10-12 years to 18-22 years
  6. early adulthood: late teens to end of thirties
  7. middle adulthood: 40 to 60 years
  8. late adulthood: 60 to death
64
Q

Name developments that happen at each of the 8 periods of development (with the exception of prenatal)

A
  1. infancy: learn to walk and talk
  2. early to late childhood: gain independence
  3. middle & late childhood: demonstrate accomplishments
  4. adolescence: change from child to adult
  5. early adulthood: pursue higher education, long term relationships, etc.
  6. middle adulthood: realizing full potential in career
  7. late adulthood: retiring
65
Q

Name the 6 conceptions of age

A
  1. chronological
  2. psychological age
  3. biological age
  4. social age
  5. mental age
  6. corrected age
66
Q

Describe the 6 conceptions of age

A
  1. chronological - your actual age from birth
  2. psychological age - ability to adapt
  3. biological age - physical state
  4. social age - expectation in a social setting (ie. 19 year old mother)
  5. mental age - ability to solve problems - measure IQ
  6. corrected age - premature baby born 32 weeks you would then add 8 weeks on to actual age which would then become the corrected age
67
Q

Name the 3 developmental issues

A
  1. nature vs. nuture
  2. continuity vs discontinuity
  3. stability vs. change
68
Q

Describe nature vs. nurture

A

do children learn and develop because of genetics or experience?

I feel both have an impact:

  • genetics lay the framework
  • environment gives us guidelines
69
Q

Describe continuity vs. discontinuity

A

is development gradual or does it occur in distinct stages?

I feel its gradual when you are going through the change but when you look back you can see them more clearly (fluidity in overlap)

70
Q

Describe stability vs. change

A

is development characterized by change or stabilty?

for example: are we an older version of ourselves or are we different people?

71
Q

Define theory

A

an interrelated, coherent set of ideas that help explain and make predictions.

they are testible and predict outcomes

72
Q

Name 7 types of developmental theories

A
  1. psychoanalytic theory
  2. cognitive theory
  3. behavioural and social cognitive theory
  4. ethological theory
  5. ecological theory
  6. moral development theory
  7. humanist theory
73
Q

Describe psychoanalytic theory and who the 2 theorists involved

A

Focuses on unconscious thoughts.

  1. Sigmund Freud
  2. Erik Erickson
74
Q

What does Freud’s theory focus on?

A

psychosexual

75
Q

Name Freud’s 5 stages of development and describe

A
  1. oral - birth to 18 months (pleasures centre around the mouth…chewing, sucking, biting)
  2. anal - 18 months to 3 years (elimination functions and anus)
  3. phallic - 3-6 years (genitals - self exploration)
  4. latency - 6 years to puberty (represses sexual interest; develop social & intellectual skills
  5. genital - puberty onward (sexual reawakening; sources of sexual pleasure now someone outside of the family
76
Q

What does Freud’s theory focus on?

A

psychosocial

primary motivation is social, reflects desire to affiliate with others

77
Q

Name Erickson’s -first 4 stages of development and briefly describe

A
  1. trust vs. mistrust - birth to 12 months - learn to trust environment
  2. autonomy vs shame & doubt - 12 months to 3 years - encourage to do things themselves?
  3. initiative vs guilt - 3 to 5 years - being independent?
  4. industry vs inferiority - 6 to 12 years - share accomplishments?
78
Q

Name Ericksons - 2nd set of 4 stages of development

A
  1. identity vs role confusion - 12 to 20 years - who are we?
  2. intimacy vs. isolation - 20 to 30 years - health relationships?
  3. generavity vs stagnation - 40 to 50 years - success or failure?
  4. integrity vs. despair - 60 years plus - able to cope with aging?
79
Q

What do cognitive theories emphasize on?

A

emphasizes conscious thoughts and associated with construction of knowledge

80
Q

Name the two theorists involved in cognitive theory.

A
  1. Jean Piaget

2. Lee Vygotsky

81
Q

What does Jean Piaget’s theory describe

A
  1. there are 4 stages of cognitive development

2. children actively construct their understanding of the world whilst going through the 4 stages of development

82
Q

Name the 4 stages of Jean Piaget’s cognitive development and describe

A
  1. sensorimotor - birth to 2 years - children observe world with their senses
  2. preoperational - 2 to 7 years - children form images and words to represent thoughts
  3. concrete operational - 7 to 11 years - logical thought
  4. formal operational - 11 years and up - develop ability for abstact thoughts
83
Q

Describe Lee Vygotsky’s social-cultural theory and give an example

A

similiar to piaget’s accept it also focuses on the influence culture and social interactions have on cognitive development

eg. play shapes how children make sense of their world

84
Q

Name 2 behavioural and social cognitive theorists

A
  1. Skinner

2. Bandura

85
Q

What does Skinner’s theory focus on?

A

OPERANT CONDITIONING

rewards and punishments shape development

behaviour followed by a reward is more likely to reoccur than behaviour followed by a punishment

86
Q

What does Bandura’s social cognitive theory focus on?

A

similar to skinner but leaves out cognitive piece.

learning occurs through observing and imitating behaviour of others

87
Q

What are ethological theories?

A

links human behaviour to those observed in animals

belief that you are born with it (ie. babies crying)

88
Q

Name two ethological theorists

A

Konrad Lorenz

John Bowlby

89
Q

Describe Lorenz’s theory

A

Innate learning within a limited critical time period that involves attachment to the first moving object seen.

90
Q

Describe Bowlby’s theory

A

The type of attachment an infant has with his/her caregiver in the first year of life will influence development.

positive secure attachment = positive development

negative insecure attachment = negative development

ie. cannot spoil a baby

91
Q

What are ecological theories?

A

Emphasizes importance of environmental factors

92
Q

Name an ecological theorist

A

Urie Bronfenbrenner

93
Q

Name the 5 systems Bronfenbrenner outlines in his theory and describe

A
  1. microsystem - context of your life
  2. mesosystem - how microsystems react with each other
  3. exosystem - economics, politics, healthcare
  4. macrosystem - country you live in
  5. chronosystem - pattern of events over a persons lifespan (ie. how 9/11 - how did it impact peoples lives?)
94
Q

Describe moral development theories

A

They attempt to explain how moral values are acquired. (subset of cognitive theories - determining right from wrong)

95
Q

Name a moral theorist

A

Kohlberg

96
Q

Describe the 3 levels of moral development in Kohlberg’s theory

A
  1. level 1: preconventional reasoning - 6-12 years - controlled by external rewards and punishments; no internalization of morals
  2. level 2: conventional reasoning - early-mid adolescence - abides by standards of others; intermediate internalization of morals
  3. level 3: postconventional reasoning - late adolescence on - morality is completely internalized and not based on others standards
97
Q

Describe humanist theory

A

People strive to become the best they can be. Behaviour is motivated toward self improvement.

98
Q

Name a humanist theorist

A

Abraham Maslow

99
Q

Describe Maslows beliefs

A

We are born neutral or good.

Social and cultural factors influence the hierachy.

100
Q

Name the 5 steps in Maslows hiearchy of needs

A
  1. physiological
  2. safety
  3. love/belonging
  4. esteem
  5. self actualization (only 2% reach this level)
101
Q

Which theory is used in nursing

A

Eclectic theoretical orientation

102
Q

What is the eclectic theoretical orientation?

A
  1. selects the best features of all theories

2. aids in understanding the complexity of lifespan development

103
Q

What is the importance of development theories in nursing?

A
  1. gain greater insights into our own history

2. helps us understand the behaviour of patients and how they behave and why they behave the way they do

104
Q

What report was released in 1974 and what did it consider?

A
  1. The Lalonde report

2. Led to behavioural approach and considered DOH to be biology and genetics, health care, environment and lifestyle)

105
Q

What year was Primary Health Care defined and which document defined it?

A

1978 through the Alma Alta Declaration during a global conference

106
Q

When was Health Promotion defined and which document defined it?

A

1986 through the Ottawa Charter. Shift from individual to society - socioenvironmental approach.

107
Q

What are the 5 types of primary health care in Canada?

A

PPCRS

  1. promotive
  2. preventive
  3. curative
  4. rehabilitative
  5. supportive
108
Q

Name the 5 principles of primary health care

APHAI

A

APHAI

  1. Accessibility - equally accessible
  2. Public participation - self help groups
  3. Health promotion - sex ed or hot lunch programs in school
  4. Appropriate skills and technology - know how to use equipment properly (ie. asian woman in Abbotsford were not getting their annual paps done because it wasn’t culturally appropriate to receive from male dr.s so a female driven clinic was opened).
  5. Intersectoral collaberation - teen pregnancies (nurses & schools work together)
109
Q

Name 5 points of the primary health care philosophy - ESCSE

A

ESCSE

  1. equity
  2. social justice
  3. choice
  4. self determination
  5. empowerment
110
Q

Name the 8 “essentials” of primary health care

A

ELEMENTS

  1. education for health
  2. locally endemic disease control
  3. expanded program for immunization
  4. maternal and child health including responsible parenthood
  5. essential drugs
  6. nutrition
  7. treatment of communicable and non-communicable diseases
  8. safe water and sanitation
111
Q

Describe the 5 types of primary health care

A

PPCRS

  1. promotive - education that maintains or enhances persons health
  2. preventative - element of risk - programs that aim at reducing risk (ie. flu shots)
  3. curative - treatment for disease
  4. rehabilitative - assist in getting better after sickness and prevent complications
  5. supportive/palliative - end of life care - keeping people comfortable
112
Q

Define Health Promotion (UFV)

A

any activity or program designed to improve social and environmental living conditions such that a person’s experience of well-being is increased

113
Q

What are the 3 levels of prevention

A
  1. primary prevention
  2. secondary prevention
  3. tertiary prevention
114
Q

Describe primary prevention

A

no disease evident

115
Q

Name the two levels of primary prevention and describe

A
  1. health promotion - aimed at enhancing or maintain health
  2. health protection - also aimed at enhancing and maintaining health but there is a level of risk (ie. family history of high cholesterol)
116
Q

Describe secondary prevention

A

screening - identify early stages of disease (ie. mammograms, breast/testicular exams)

117
Q

Describe tertiary prevention

A

disease already exists - being able to assist with healthy outcomes.

preventing complication or reoccurences.

118
Q

Name 6 barriers to health promotion

A
  1. time
  2. motivation
  3. change is difficult
  4. lack of resources (financial & physical)
  5. knowledge of deficit (nutrition, exercise)
  6. non supportive family
119
Q

Describe the role of nursing in health promotion (5 points - RHAEE)

A
  1. role model
  2. health education
  3. advocate for health and patients
  4. encourage, support development of healthy public policy
  5. encourage individuals to be involved in decisions related to their health
120
Q

Define UFVs Determinants of Health

A

The determinants of health are the factors which interact and influence health:

  1. personal resources
  2. social resources
  3. professional resources
  4. environmental factors
121
Q

Name 5 major characteristics of personal resources

A
  1. developmental dimension
  2. psychosocial dimension
  3. cultural dimension
  4. spiritual dimension
  5. physiological dimension
122
Q

Describe each of the 5 major characteristics of personal resources

A
  1. developmental - cognitive, biological and socioemotional
  2. psychosocial - how we think and act (ie. how we cope with stress)
  3. cultural - values/traditions, etc.
  4. spiritual - experiences in a faith - gives us strength & hope
  5. physiological - body systems / physical processes
123
Q

Describe social resources

A

ie. who are the people that provide support in our lives?

in what way do they provide support? practical / educational

giving emotional support

is it reciprocal?

124
Q

Describe professional resources

A

interactions with professionals that may improve coping and improve health and well being. These relationships offer support without reciprocity.

125
Q

Describe environmental resources

A

include all external factors affecting a person including:

  1. physical
  2. socioeconomic
  3. political
126
Q

Describe physical environment

A

community, house, soil, air quality, sanitation

127
Q

Describe socioeconomic environment

A

income, education, employment

128
Q

Describe political environment

A

all levels of government - powers to influence change

129
Q

Name the 6 major nutrients

A
  1. carbohydrates
  2. proteins
  3. fats
  4. water
  5. vitamins
  6. minerals
130
Q

What are carbohydrates responsible for and give a few examples?

A

Function: main source of energy in diet (fuel for brain and muscle during excercise)

Examples: bread, pasta, fruits, corn

131
Q

What are proteins responsible for and give a few examples?

A

Function: essential for building of body tissue in growth, maintenance and repair.

Examples: chicken, cheese, fish

132
Q

What are fats responsible for and give a few examples?

A

Function: supplies energy, cushions organs, insulates and protects cell membranes.

Examples: prepared/processed food, snack foods and margarines

133
Q

What are vitamins responsible for?

A

Function: organic substances essential to normal metabolism. Become part of the structure of body and enzymes.

Example: Fat soluable (vitamins A, D E and K)
Water soluable (vitamins C and B complex)
134
Q

What are minerals responsible for and give examples?

A

Function: inorganic substances essential to the body. Act as catalysts in biochemical reactions.

Example: macrominerals (calcium, sodium, potassium)

trace minerals (iron, iodine, fluoride)

135
Q

What is water responsible for?

A

Function: cell function depends on fluid environment. Regulates body temperature and solvent for nutrients and waste products.

Makes up 60% to 70% of body weight.

136
Q

What is the difference between monosaccharides and polysaccarides?

A

monosaccaride = simple carb
building block of all other carbs and cannot be broken down into a more basic carb unit

polysaccharride = complex carb
composed of many carb units

137
Q

Define saccharide

A

carb unit

138
Q

What is the difference between saturated vs. unsaturated fatty acids?

A

saturated = each carbon chain has 2 attached hydrogen atoms

unsaturated = unequal number of hydrogen atoms are attached and carbon atoms attach to each with a double bond

139
Q

What is the difference between a complete and incomplete protein? Give examples

A

complete protein = has all 9 essential amino acids (eg. meat)

incomplete protein (does not have all 9 essential amino acids (eg. plant)

140
Q

What is the definition for all biochemical reactions with cells of the body?

A

metabolism

141
Q

What is the definition for production of more complex biochemical substances by synthesis of nutrients?

A

anabolism

142
Q

What is the definition for breakdown of biochemical substances into simpler substances?

A

canabolism

143
Q

Define environment

A

the physical and psychosocial factors that influence or affect the life and survival of a patient

144
Q

Name the 3 categories of environment

A

physical, socioeconomic, political

Nursing 101 - Exam #1 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions