Exam 1 Flashcards
Environmental Defense Fund
Global nonprofit that fights climate change
Instrumental in banning DDT and whale hunting
Fairtrade International
Works to ensure fairtrade and living wages for agricultural workers
Coffee, cocoa, bananas, tea, sugar, flowers
Fairtrade is when fair prices are paid to the people who grow the plant
Greenpeace
Nonprofit that takes NO funding from governments or corporations
Use protests, lobbying and investigations to bring change
National Audubon Society
Protect birds and their habitats
Formed by group of women in Boston who were protesting illegal bird hunting
NautreServe
Collecting, analyzing, and providing biodiversity data and knowledge
Develop software for conservation planning
Started out as The Natural Heritage Network
National Wildlife Federation
Founded by Jay Norwood “Ding” Darling(political cartoonist) in 1936
Strong educational component- magazines, schools, colleges, etc
Largest conservation organization in US
Ocean Conservancy
Focus on the ocean ecosystem ocean trash, climate change, overfishing sustainability for fishing
Nature Conservancy
Permanently preserves millions of acres of land and rivers
Offshoot of the ecological Society of America (Professional society for ecologists)
Rainforest Alliance
Founded by Daniel Katz
Protect rainforests from being cut down
Certifies farmers that are doing sustainable practices like shade- grown coffee and chocolate
Sierra Club
Founded by John Muir in 1892 (sometimes called “Father of the national parks”)
Political activism
Currently opposed to oil drilling in Alaska
Society for Conservation Biology
Wrote our textbook
Professional organization for conservation biologists
Holds conference and funds research projects
“Conservation biology for all!”
Trout Unlimited
Protect freshwater streams and rivers for trout, salmon and other aquatic species
Started in michigan in 1959 and then spread to all 50 states
The trust for public land
Develop new parks and protect land (3 million acres)
Protect and expand national and state parks
Wildlife Conservation Society
Headquarters at the Bronx Zoo (NYC)
Also includes Central Park Zoo, New York Aquarium and Prospect Park Zoo
Protect wildlife and their habitats around the world
World wildlife Fund (WWF)
Founded in Switzerland
Raises money for endangered species
Logo is Famous for having a panda bear on it
Jean-Bapiste Lamarck
Premier Authority on Classification and French flora w/ dichotomous keys
Alfred Russel Wallace
Contemporary of Darwin, Malay Archipelago, Evolution by natural selection, Warned of Extinction of species due
George Perkins Marsh
Wrote man and nature in 1864, recognized irreversible impact of mans actions on earth, “all nature is linked by invisible bonds”
T.R Roosevelt, Gifford Pinchot
Big proponent of Public lands
TR- first chief of US Forest Service
Gov must regulate public lands and manage public resources
Stellar’s sea Lion
Pacific coastline of western US, Canada, Alaska
Marine Mammal affected by climate change, predation
Hunted by Native Americans
Sierra Nevada Yellow-legged Frog
Affected by chrytrid fungus
Found in mountains of california
Gray Wolf
Reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park
Top predator - hunted for fur and to protect livestock
Black Rhino
Eastern and Southern Africa
Poaching for the horn is a major problem
majestic cape vulture
South Africa
Poisoned by the veterinary non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Diclofenac
Grizzly Bear
Western US, Canada, Alaska
Decline due to hunting, habitat loss
peregrine Falcon
North American bird - high level predator
Poisoned by DDT which was used as a pesticide
DDT weakened the eggshell
Little brown bat
White - nose syndrome caused by a fungus
Causes bats to wake up during hibernation and burn fat off their bodies they need to survive
Humpback Whale
Endangered due to commercial fishing (meat, blubber)
Also ship strikes and entangled in fishing gear
NOAA protects (National oceanic and Atmospheric Adminstration)
Tiger
Asia
Deforestation and hunting
Nepal has worked hard to eliminate poaching - success story
However with success comes tigers attacking humans and livestock
America Alligator
SE coastal US
Hunted for meat and hide
Today they’ve recovered to the point of getting complaints as “nuisance species”
Plateau cyanea
Tropical flowering plant, native to hawaii- island of kaua
Habitat destruction, invasive pigs and rats disturb it
Have been cultivating it in greenhouses and replanting in the wild
Harp seal
Artic mammal that was almost hunted to extinction for the white fur of the juveniles
Inuits (indigenous people of Canada) Still are allowed to hunt them
American Bald Eagle
National bird of the US
Range - North America
Poisoned by DDt which was used by humans to kill insects
DDt weakened the eggshells
Kiwi
New Zealand
Flightless birds
Preyed on by invasive cats and dogs
Przewalski’s horse
Last true “wild” horse
Mongolia
National Geographic Society
Sponsor research expeditions and produces maps
John Muir
Father of the National Parks
Henry Chandler Cowles
Protoconservationist
Studied ecological succession of plants on Indy Dunes
Victor Ernest Shelford
Protoconservationist
Helped establish ecology as a distinct field of study
First pres of ESA
Arthur Tansley
Pioneer in ecology in England
Coined the word ecosystem
Bed straw competitive exclusion
Charles Elton
Animal Ecology textbook
Aldo leopold
Wrote sand County Almanac in 1949
Modern Environmental Ethics
