Exam #1

Question 1

3 parts of Evidence Based Practice (EBP)

Answer 1

1. Research Evidence
2. Clinical Expertise
3. Patient values/preference

Question 2

Quality Improvement

Answer 2

-Use of data to monitor outcomes of care processes

-Use of improvement methods for design and test changes in practice

-Improves safety and quality

Question 3

Qualitative Research

Answer 3

-Understand meaning of human experience

-Subjective approach

-Theory generating

Question 4

Quantitative Research

Answer 4

-Test relationships or answer a question

-Examines cause-effect

-Theory testing

Question 5

Types of Research Articles

Answer 5

1. Primary Research Study
   -Single qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods
2. Systematic Review
   -Summary and appraisal of a group of research studies

Question 6

Types of Systematic Reviews

Answer 6

1. Meta-Analysis
2. Meta Summary
3. Meta Synthesis
4. Integrative Review

Question 7

Meta-Analysis

Answer 7

Statistical analysis

Question 8

Meta summary

Answer 8

Summary of a group of qualitative research studies

Question 9

Meta synthesis

Answer 9

Summarize and interpret group of qualitative studies

Question 10

Integrative Review

Answer 10

Review and synthesis of quantitative and qualitative

Question 11

Levels of Evidence

Answer 11

Level 1: Systematic Review or Meta-analysis

Level 2: Randomized Controlled Trials

Level 3: Quasiexperimental

Level 4: Nonexperimental Studies

Question 12

Abstract

Answer 12

Brief summary of the study

Question 13

Introduction

Answer 13

Orients reader to broad problem or clinical topic

Question 14

Literature Review

Answer 14

Summary of evidence

Question 15

Research Question

Answer 15

-Presents idea
-‘Problem statement’
-Variables to examine

Question 16

Independent Variable

Answer 16

X

-Manipulated
-Has effect on Y

Question 17

Dependent Variable

Answer 17

Y

-Not manipulated but observed
-Variable interested in understanding

Question 18

Research Hypothesis

Answer 18

-Predicts outcome
-May be directional or nondirectional

Question 19

Directional

Answer 19

-Predicts expected direction of relationship
“lower” “greater”

Question 20

Nondirectional

Answer 20

-Doesn’t predict the anticipated direction of relationship
“Difference”

Question 21

Null Hypothesis Meaning

Answer 21

States there is NO RELATIONSHIP between x and y

Question 22

PICO

Answer 22

P: Problem

I: Intervention

C: Comparison intervention

O: Outcome

Question 23

Boolean Operators

Answer 23

AND

OR

NOT

Question 24

Grand Theory

Answer 24

Whole nursing discipline

Question 25

Middle Range Theory

Answer 25

More Focused -Contains a limited number of concepts and focused on a limited aspect of reality

Question 26

Situation-Specific Theory

Answer 26

-Narrow scope -Explains a small aspect of phenomena and processes of interest to nurses

Question 27

How is Theory used in Nursing Research

Answer 27

1. Used as a framework 2. Generated as an outcome of research (qualitative) 3. Research is conducted to test a theory (quantitative)

Question 28

Ethics

Answer 28

Set of rules (based on moral principles) that guide individual or group behavior

Question 29

Belmont Report Outcomes

Answer 29

1. Respect: people have freedom to participate or not 2. Beneficence: Researchers should not harm and maximize possible benefits 3. Justice: Participants should be treated fairly

Question 30

DHHS Recommendations 1981

Answer 30

-Required to obtain informed consent -IRB review required

Question 31

IRB

Answer 31

-Reviews research to ensure the ethical standards and protection of rights of subjects -At PLU: HPRB

Question 32

HIPAA

Answer 32

-2003 -Protection of personal/identifiable info -Assurance of anonymity and confidentiality "Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act"

Question 33

Data Bases to Use

Answer 33

CINHAL PubMed PsycInfo *sources should be no more than 5yrs old