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Living Anatomy II > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Washboard belly muscles/sit up muscle

A

Rectus Abdominus

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1
Q

Rectus Abdominus

A

O: Pubic crest, pubic symphysis
I: Cartilage of 5th, 6th & 7th ribs & xiphoid process

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2
Q

Rectus Abdominus actions

A

Flex the vertebral column (flex the trunk)

Tilt pelvis posteriorly

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3
Q

Which obliques have a fiber direction which is “V” shaped?

A

External obliques

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4
Q

Which ribs are considered “true” ribs?

A

Ribs 1-7

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5
Q

Which ribs are considered “false” ribs?

A

Ribs 8-10

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6
Q

Which ribs are considered “floating” ribs?

A

Ribs 11 & 12

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7
Q

Which of the 4 abdominal muscles does NOT insert into the Abdominal aponeurosis?

A

Rectus Abdominus

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8
Q

What do the terms “chondro” & “costal” refer too?

A

Cartilage & Bone

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9
Q
  1. ) Chondrosternal
  2. ) Costochondral
  3. ) Costotransverse
  4. ) Costovertebral
A
  1. ) cartilage to sternum
  2. ) bone to cartilage
  3. ) rib to TP
  4. ) rib to vertebral body
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10
Q

Which of the abdominal muscles is the deepest?

A

Transverse Abdominis

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11
Q

How many CUN is the rectus abdominus?

A

4 cun

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12
Q

Which group of vertebrae are the least mobile?

A

Lumbar

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13
Q

External Oblique

A

O: External surfaces of ribs 5-12 (lower 8 ribs)
I: Anterior 1/2 of the external iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis

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14
Q

Internal Obliques

A

O: Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia
I: Internal surface of ribs 10-12 (lower 3 ribs), abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

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15
Q

Transversus Abdominus

A

O: Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, and internal surface of lower 6 ribs
I: Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

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16
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A

O: Posterior iliac crest
I: Last rib and TP of L1-L4

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17
Q

What 3 bones make up the sternum?

A

Manubrium, Sternum & Xyphoid

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18
Q

What are the 3 bones of the pelvis?

A

Illium
Pubic Bone
Ischium

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19
Q

Name the 4 muscles of the abdominal corset?

A

Rectus Abdominus
External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transversus Abdominus

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20
Q

Costochondral joints

A

Bone & Cartilage

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21
Q

What fascial structure runs up the midline on the abdomen?

A

Linea Alba

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22
Q

Diaphragm

**Primary muscle of respiration

A

O: Dorsal aspect of xyphoid process, internal surfaces of lower 6 ribs, L1-2 or L3
I: Central tendon (located just anterior to the surface of the dome)

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23
Q

External Intercostals

A

O: Inferior border of the rib above
I: Superior border of the rib below
** Small, slender muscles between the ribs
** Assists with inspiration

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24
Q

Internal Intercostals

A

O: Superior border of rib above
I: Inferior border of rib below
** Assists with exhalation (drawing the ribs inferiorly)

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25
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior

A

O: SP of C7-T3
I: Posterior surface of ribs 2-5

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26
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior

A

O: SP of T12-L3
I: Posterior surface of ribs 9-12

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27
Q

Psoas Major

A

O: Bodie and TP of L1-5
I: Lesser Trochanter of the femur (posterior aspect)

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28
Q

Psoas Minor

A

O: Body & TP of L1
I: Superior ramus of pubis
**~40% of the population has psoas minor

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29
Q

Illiacus

A

O: Internal iliac fossa
I: Lesser trochanter of the femur

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30
Q

3 structures which pass through the diaphragm?

A

Aorta
Inferior Vena Cava
Espophagus

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31
Q

What uses 88 joints & 46 muscles?

A

Breathing

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32
Q

Secondary muscles of inspiration?

A

Scalenes, pectoralis minor, SCM, pectoralis major (fixes arms), serratus anterior (fixes scap.), serratus posterior superior

33
Q

Secondary muscles of expirations?

A

Transverse Abdominus, Internal Obliques, External Obliques, Rectus Abdominus, Serratus Posterior Inferior

34
Q

During inspiration what expands anteriorly (like a pump handle) and what flares out laterally (like a bucket handle being lifted up & out)?

A

Sternum & upper ribs

Lower ribs

35
Q

“Iliopsoas”?

A

Psoas Major & Iliacus

36
Q

3 bodily functions that compression of the abdomen can assist in?

A 
Defication
Urination
Emesis (vomiting)
Parturition (giving birth)
Forced expiration
37
Q

What hip movements do the iliacus & psoas muscles perform?

A

Flex the hip

lateral rotation of hip

38
Q

Common insertion for both iliacus & psoas?

A

Lesser trochanter of the femur

Psoas is the posterior aspect

39
Q

In unilateral flexion does the psoas rotate the lumbar spine contra or ipsilaterally?

A

Ipsilaterally

40
Q

Axillary Skeleton?

A

Skull, hynoid, spine, ribs & sternum, sacrum & coccyx

80 bones

41
Q

Appendicular Skeleton?

A

Shoulder girdle, bones of upper limb, bones of lower limb, pelvic girdle
(126 bones)

42
Q

Pelvic Girdle?

Joints?

A

Illium, Pubic Bone, Ischium plus Sacrum & Coccyx

Sacroiliac (SI) & Coxal (Hip)

43
Q

Ligaments of Pelvis?

A 
Inguinal (ASIS to pubic tubercle)
Sacrotuberus 
Iliolumbar
Sacroiliac
Sacrospinous
**Also Obturator Membrane
44
Q

Ilium BLM?

A 
ASIS (Anterior Superior Iliac Spine)
AIIS (Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine)
PSIS (Posterior Superior Iliac Spine)
PIIS (Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine)
Iliac Crest
Wing of the Ilium
45
Q

Ischium BLM?

A

Ischial Tuberosity
Ischial Spine (btw greater & lesser sciatic notches)
Lesser Sciatic

46
Q

Pubic bones & pubic symphysis BLM?

A

Pubic Tubercle
Pubic Symphysis
Pubic Rami (inferior & superior)

47
Q

What 2 bones form the Obturator?

A

Ischium & Pubis

48
Q

BLM of the Femur?

A

Gluteal Tuberosity & Lesser Trochanter

49
Q

BLM of Sacrum& Coccyx?

A

Sacral: Median Crest (SP’s)

  • -> Base Coccyx
  • -> Apex
  • -> Hiatus
  • -> Foramina
50
Q

Femur BLM’s? (Posterior View)

A

Head, Neck, Greater Trochanter, Lesser Trochanter, Shaft, Intertrochanteric notch Linea Aspera, Gluteal Tuberosity

51
Q

What ligament is to deep to palpate?

A

Sacrospinous

52
Q

Which ligament lies over the sacral foreman?

A

Obturator Membrane

53
Q

Where is the spine of the Ischium?

A

Between the greater and lesser sciatic notch

54
Q

How do you palpate the sacrotuberous ligament?

A

Find the ischiatic tuberosity and then palpate medially towards the coccyx

55
Q

Where is the sacral hiatus?

A

Superior to the coccyx

56
Q

Which ones is the obturator anchored too?

A

Ischium & pubis

57
Q

Which bone in the arm does the femur resemble?

A

Humerus

58
Q

Which epicondyle of the femur is larger?

A

Medial

59
Q

Inguinal Ligament

A

ASIS & pubic tubercle

60
Q

Sacrotuberus Ligament

  • superficial
  • anchors the sacrum
A

Connects the posterolateral sacrum with the ischial tuberosity

61
Q

Iliolumbar Ligament

A

Connects the inside portion of the PSIS area with TP of L5

62
Q

Sacroiliac Ligament

**together with Sacrotuberus ligament, the STRONGEST ligaments in the body

A

Hold the sacrum and iliac together

**there are 3 sections: posterior, anterior & interosseus

63
Q

Sacrospinous

A

Deep to the sacrotuberous ligment

64
Q

Obturator Membrane

A

Anchored to the ischium & pubic rami
This membrane almost completely covers the obturator foramen
Helps stabilize the pelvis and services as an attachment for the Obturator Internus muscle

65
Q

Gluteus Maximus

**Chief extensor of hip (forceful extension like running)

A

O: Posterior iliac crest, dorsal surface,of sacrum & coccyx, sacrtotuberous & sacroiliac ligaments
I: IT (Iliotibial)Band, gluteal tuberosity

66
Q

Gluteus Medius

**Similar to the Deltoid muscle, stabilizes during walking

A

O: Lateral gluteal surface of the ilium (btwn superior & anterior gluteal lines)
I: Greater trochanter (lateral superior aspect)

67
Q

Gluteus Minimus

**Deep to the Gluteus Medius, best medial hip rotator, strong aBductor

A

O: Lateral gluteal surface of the ilium (btwn anterior & inferior gluteal lines)
I: Greater trochanter anterior border

68
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata

** Bothe this muscle and the Gluteus Maximus use IT band as an anchor

A

O: Iliac crest (lateral/posterior to ASIS)
I: IT Band

69
Q

IT Band? (Iliotibial band)

A

Insertion site for Gliteus Maximus & Tensor Fascia Lata (TFL)
Tight band of fascia (thickening of the fascia lata)
Extends from the Ilium to the tibia
Acts as a shock absorber for the body

70
Q

Trendelenburg sign

**Leaning

A

When then gluteus medius is paralyzed or weak, the body will fall to the opposite side during weight bearing phase of walking or when standing on one leg

71
Q

6 deep external Hip Rotators?

A

Piriformis
Gemellus Superior & Inferior
Obturator Internus & Externus
Quadratus Femoris

72
Q

Obturator Externus is deep to?

A

Gemellus Inferior & Quadratus Femoris

73
Q

Piriformis?

A

O: Anterior border of the sacrum
I: Greater Trochanter (Superior Aspect)

74
Q

Quadratus Femoris?

**Palpation: find ischial tuberosity (sits bone) and move lateral and slightly superior

A

O: Ischial tuberosity (lateral border)
I: Intertrochanteric crest, between greater & lesser trochanters

75
Q

Gemelli? (Superior & Inferior)

**Between these is Obturator Internus

A

O: Ischium
I: Posterior medial aspect of the greater trochanter

76
Q

Obtruator Externus & Internus?

A

O: Bone around Obturator Foramen
I: Posterior medial aspect of greater trochanter

77
Q

Piriformis Syndrome?

A

Clinical syndrome involving compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle
**Only lateral rotator which is not deep to the sciatic nerve

78
Q

Which Obturator is hidden (anteriorly)?

A

Obturator Externus

79
Q

Which Obturator is sandwiched between 2 gemelli?

A

Obturator Internus

Living Anatomy II (3 decks)

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