exam 1 Flashcards
bruh im cooked lowk
Nudge/Channel Factors
Certain situational circumstances that appear unimportant on the surface can actually have great consequences for behavior, either facilitating/blocking it or guiding behavior in a particular direction.
Example: organ donor opt in vs. opt out option
Internal Validity
in experimental research, this is the confidence that only the manipulated variable could have produced the results
External Validity
an experimental setup that closely resembles real life situations so that results can safely be generalized to such situations
Measurement validity
Correct level of measurement
Individual vs. Collective vs. Relational Self
Individual - beliefs about self
Collective - beliefs about our identity as a member of a group
Relational - beliefs about our identity in a social relationship
Self Schema
represents a person’s belief and feelings about the self in general and in specific situations
Origins of Self Knowledge
Family/Others
Situationism (pool of stable self-knowledge)
Culture
Gender
Better than average effect
most westerners think they are better than average on most personality traits and skills
more likely to occur with vague traits rather than concrete ones (good driver vs. olympics)
Self - Affirmation
When you suck at one thing u say ur good at something else
ie. San Francisco
Self-Discrepancy Theory and Promotion/Prevention
People want to reduce discrepancies between actual and possible self
Real and Ideal discrep = depressed
Real and Ought discrep = anxious
Promotion -> going towards ideal self (positive)
Prevention -> regulation towards ought self (negative)
Two most important dimensions for analyzing a face according to Todoroby
Trustworthiness and Dominance, not affected by time.
Pluralistic Ignorance
misperception of a group norm that results from observing people who are acting at variance with their private beliefs out of a concern for the social consequences
ie. ketchup
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
You assume something abt someone, start acting that way towards them, then it becomes real
Spin Framing vs. Temporal Framing
Spin -> positive or negative
Temporal -> timeframe (ie. dentist)
Top-Down vs Bottom-Up
Bottom up is data driven
Top down is theory driven
What influences schemas
Attention, Memory, Construal (Your own interpretation)
Priming
When you give info to someone which skews their response
Availability Heuristic
Mental shortcuts made from the most apparent information
Representativeness Heuristic
How close does this fit to your prototypes
ie stereotypes
Covariation Principle
Assume consistency is high for both
Low consensus and distinctiveness = dispositional attribution
High consensus and distinctiveness = situational attribution
Explanatory Styles
Internal/External
Stable/Unstable
Global/Specific
Pessimistic/Optimistic
Self Serving Attributional Bias
Blame failures to external factors
Attribute successes to internal factors
Perceptual Salience
People are more attention grabbing than the situation/context
Augmentation and Discounting Principles
Augmentation - greater weight if not behaving in role
Discounting - reduced weight if behaving role
ie shirts and jobs
