Exam 1 Flashcards
What is Empiricism?
Knowledge based on systematic observation and evidence.
What is Intuition?
Relying on personal experience and anecdotal evidence.
What is Authority?
Accepting information based on the credibility of the source.
What is the Scientific Method?
The structured process of inquiry in research.
What is a Hypothesis?
A testable prediction about the relationship between variables.
What is a Null Hypothesis (H₀)?
A hypothesis that assumes no difference between groups.
What is an Alternative Hypothesis (H₁)?
A hypothesis that assumes a difference exists between groups.
What is Basic Research?
Investigates fundamental principles of behavior without immediate application.
What is Applied Research?
Conducted to solve real-world problems.
What is Temporal Precedence?
The cause must occur before the effect.
What is Covariation of Cause and Effect?
The effect must only occur when the cause is present.
What are Alternative Explanations?
Other possible causes must be ruled out to establish causality.
What is Deception in research?
Misleading participants about the true nature of a study.
What is an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
A committee that evaluates ethical considerations in human research.
What is an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)?
Ensures ethical treatment of animals in research.
What is Informed Consent?
A participant’s agreement to take part in a study after being informed of its details.
What is Debriefing?
Explaining the true purpose of a study after participation, especially if deception was used.
What is Coercion?
When participants feel pressured to participate in a study due to power dynamics.
What is Assent?
When minors or individuals who can’t give full consent provide agreement to participate.
What is Plagiarism?
Using someone else’s work or ideas without proper attribution.
What is Data Fabrication?
Intentionally falsifying research results.
What are Heuristics?
Mental shortcuts or rules of thumb used to make decisions.
What is the Open Science Movement?
Effort to make research more transparent and reproducible.
