Exam 1 Flashcards
Once a neuron has fired, it cannot fire again until after…
the refractory period
The junction between the axon tips of sending neurons and the dendrites or cell bodies of receiving neurons are called…
synapses
What is the correct communication path followed by neurons?
Dendrite to axon
The chemical messengers that are passed from one neuron to another during an action potential are called…
neurotransmitters
Bryan, on his daily walk in the park, was frightened when a snake crossed his path. He fled as fast as he could to rest on a bench on the edge of the park. Which body system helped to calm Bryan?
Parasympathetic nervous system
Three year old Stan can’t remember any events from a family cruise to Bermuda when he was 1 year old. This best illustrates…
infantile amnesia
What did Harry Harlow and Margaret Harlow find when they studied monkeys?
Attachment derives from bodily contact.
According to Piaget, which concept refers to our ability to adapt our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information?
Accommodation
Which parenting style is characterized by parents being coercive by imposing rules and expecting obedience?
authoritarian
Jenna is an adolescent who has formed a close, loving relationship with Juno. What term did Erik Erikson use to describe this ability to form an emotionally close relationship?
Intimacy
Frequency is to pitch as amplitude is to
loudness
Which of the following determines the perceived brightness of colors?
amplitude
The process of _____transforms stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural impulses our brain can interpret.
transduction
When Andy turns his textbook around, the rectangular book casts an increasingly trapezoidal image on his retinas, yet he still perceives it as rectangular. What explains such perception?
Shape constancy
Although Betsy was sitting right next to her boyfriend, she smelled a badger before he did. Apparently, Betsy has a lower _______ for badger odor than her boyfriend.
absolute threshold
A(n) _____ explains behaviors or events by offering ideas that organize observations.
theory
Another term for hindsight bias is known as _____.
the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon
Which research method did Jane Goodall use when studying chimpanzees in the wild?
Naturalistic observation
In a double-blind procedure, who is unaware of the experimental group assignment?
Neither the experimenter nor the participants are aware.
In an experimental situation, subjects of group B are not exposed to the special treatment, effects of which are under study, making group B the ____ group.
control
What is the range of measurement for coefficients of correlation?
–1.0 to +1.0
Which measure of central tendency depicts the most frequently occurring scores?
The mode
In which kind of a distribution do most cases fall near the mean, and in which kind do fewer cases fall near either extreme?
Normal distribution
In a research study, Gojo finds a very high correlation between two variables. Which of the following is the coefficient Gojo got?
0.90
What is the mode from the following set of numbers:
2, 2, 5, 1, 3, 2, 1
2
Correlation is causation. True or False?
False
Which ethical guideline did a researcher violate when the names of the participants were disclosed to the public?
Confidentiality
In an experiment that looks at the effects of sugar consumption on hyperactivity in children, what would the independent variable be?
Sugar
Which kind of sampling procedure allows each member of the population an equal chance of being selected?
Random sample
In an experiment that looks at the effects of caffeine on alertness in class, one group of students gets caffeinated coffee, another group of students gets water, and a final group of students gets decaffeinated coffee (but thinks it is caffeinated). The last (decaf) group would be the ___.
placebo group
In Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, what behavior do egocentric children demonstrate?
Egocentric children have difficulty perceiving things from another’s point of view.
In which stage of Erikson’s stage of psychosocial development do individuals either discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or feel a lack of purpose?
Generativity vs stagnation
Ralph repeatedly shows his baby a rattle, to which the baby is no longer responding. Waning interest in an object with repeated exposure is known as ____.
habituation
When Ali’s mother hides his toy under a blanket, he pulls the blanket aside to see if the toy is still there. During which stage of development does object permanence manifest?
Sensorimotor
Harry has neural plaques and is experiencing a progressive decline in memory and other cognitive abilities. Which neurocognitive disorder (NCD) does Harry have?
Alzheimer’s disease
The brain’s ability to build new neural pathways based on experience is also known as ____.
neuroplasticity
What is the correct communication path followed by neurons?
Dendrite to axon
Which lobes of the cerebral cortex receive sensory input related to touch and body position?
Parietal lobes
Good feelings such as “runner’s high” are experienced when _____ is/are released by the body.
endorphins
After a serious accident that injured his brain, Geto is unable to process and store explicit (conscious) memories. Which brain area has Geto damaged?
Hippocampus
Which measure of central tendency depicts the middle score in a distribution?
The median
Research and statistics go hand-in-hand. True or False?
True
The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution is referred to as the:
range
What is the mode from the following set of numbers:
2, 2, 5, 1, 3, 2, 1
2
What is the median for the following set of numbers? 10, 8, 5, 10, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
9
The minimum stimulus energy needed to detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time is called (the) ____.
absolute threshold
Our ability to see objects in three dimensions, even though the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional, is known as (the) _____.
depth perception
Which of the following is TRUE of the cones found in the eye?
Cones detect details best.
According to the Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory, which of the following is NOT one of the three colors our cones detect?
Yellow
Megumi has damaged the fusiform area in the temporal lobe of his brain. As a result of this, he can now _____.
no longer recognize familiar faces as before the damage
